Abstract: Periodontitis is a chronic and inflammatory disease mediated by plaque microorganisms，which leads to the loss of tooth supporting tissues. MicroRNA（miRNA）are endogenously expressed small noncoding RNAs that have extensive biological functions，of which miRNA146a plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis by participating in the regulation of the reaction and function of immunity，regulating the expression of inflammation，and affecting tissue regeneration. This paper discusses the functional mechanism of miRNA146a and summarizes the latest progress on research of miRNA146a in periodontitis，providing reference for the occurrence and development of periodontitis as well as the prevention and treatment ideas.

Key words: microRNA, periodontitis, immunity, tissue regeneration

摘要： 牙周炎是菌斑微生物介导的慢性炎症性疾病，可引起牙周支持组织丧失。微小RNA（microRNA，miRNA）是一类由内源性基因编码的非编码小分子RNA，具有广泛的生物功能。其中miRNA146a参与调节免疫的反应和功能，可调控炎症表达，影响组织再生，在牙周炎防治中发挥重要作用。文章就miRNA146a的作用机制做一综述，总结其在牙周炎中的研究进展，为牙周炎发生发展机制及防治思路提供参考。

关键词: 微小RNA, 牙周炎, 免疫反应, 组织再生