Abstract: Respiratory tract infection is a common respiratory disease in children，significantly affecting their quality of life and healthy development. As an immunomodulator，bacterial lysates not only strengthen adaptive immunity but also induce trained immunity by activating the innate immune system，providing a broad，non-specific protective effect against various pathogens. This review aims to synthesize the mechanism and the recent advances in the application of bacterial lysates in the prevention and treatment of paediatric respiratory tract infections for clinical reference. In the future，it is expected to explore the potential of bacterial lysates as a primary preventive measure for pediatric respiratory infections and clarify the target population and duration of medication，to provide more comprehensive evidence for standardised clinical application.

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摘要： 呼吸道感染是儿科常见呼吸系统疾病，对儿童的生活质量和健康成长构成了严重影响。细菌溶解产物作为一种免疫调节剂，不仅可以强化适应性免疫，还能通过激活固有免疫系统诱导训练免疫，对不同病原体产生广泛的、非特异性的保护作用。文章从机制出发，综述了多种细菌溶解产物在防治儿童呼吸道感染中的应用进展，为临床提供参考。期待未来进一步探究细菌溶解产物作为儿童呼吸道感染一级预防措施的潜力，明确细菌溶解产物的适用人群、用药时长等，为临床规范应用提供更为全面的证据。

关键词: 细菌溶解产物, 儿童, 呼吸道感染, 训练免疫, 应用进展