Abstract: Clostridium difficile is one of the main pathogens causing acute infectious diarrhea in children. With the widespread use of antibiotics， the incidence and recurrence rate of C. difficile infection have significantly increased. This paper summarizes relevant researches， guidelines and consensuses at home and abroad， and elaborates the diagnosis and treatment of C. difficile infection in children from the aspects of epidemiology， risk factors，clinical features， and prevention and control measures.

Key words: Clostridium difficile, diagnosis, fecal microbiota transplantation, pediatric population

摘要： 艰难梭菌是儿童急性感染性腹泻的主要病原之一。随着抗生素的广泛使用，艰难梭菌感染的发病率及复发率明显增高。文章总结国内外相关研究及指南共识，从儿童艰难梭菌感染的流行病学、危险因素、临床特征及治疗防控措施等方面，阐述儿童艰难梭菌感染的诊断与治疗。

关键词: 艰难梭菌, 诊断, 粪菌移植, 儿科人群