Abstract: This paper mainly discusses how to pay attention to the standardized diagnosis and treatment of pediatric upper airway inflammatory diseases. It emphasizes the unique characteristics of these diseases in children，highlighting that the upper airway has distinctive anatomical structure with physiologicaland pathological continuity and consistency. These diseases often display individual characteristics while being closely interconnected，which are referred to as comorbid diseases. Examples include the coexistence of allergic rhinitis with chronic rhinosinusitis，and the concurrent presence of allergic rhinitis，chronic rhinosinusitis，and adenoid hypertrophy. This paper introduces the clinical diagnosis of these comorbidities，including symptom-based diagnosis，laboratory diagnosis，and endoscopic and imaging diagnosis. Furthermore，it summarizes the treatment options for these comorbidities，including standardized pharmacological conservative therapy and minimally invasive surgical treatment.

Key words: pediatric upper airway inflammatory diseases, onset characteristics, diagnosis, treatment

摘要： 该文主要评述如何提高儿童上气道炎症性疾病的规范性诊断和治疗水平，重点阐述了儿童上气道炎症性疾病的发病特点。儿童上气道具有独特的解剖结构，生理及病理特征具有连续性和一致性，往往表现为既有各自的发病特点，又有相互紧密联系，称作为共存疾病，例如过敏性鼻炎共病慢性鼻窦炎，过敏性鼻炎、慢性鼻窦炎和腺样体肥大三者共存。该文阐述儿童上气道炎症性疾病共病的临床诊断，包括症状学诊断、实验室诊断，以及内镜和影像学诊断。其次，总结共病的治疗方法，包括规范性的药物保守治疗及微创手术治疗。

关键词: 儿童上气道炎症性疾病, 发病特点, 诊断, 治疗