Abstract: Neurocritical care conditions are common causes of death and disability in children.In nearly all pediatric neurocritical cases，various immune cells and factors form a complex and dynamic immune-inflammatory network. The imbalance of homeostasis in this inflammatory network system ultimately leads to immune injury. A comprehensive understanding of the occurrence and development process of immune-inflammatory responses in pediatric neurocritical care，along with emphasis on dynamic assessment of immune inflammation，is conducive to precision treatment and personalized treatment，improving the prognosis of pediatric neurocritical care and reducing the medical burden.

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摘要： 神经重症是儿童死亡和残疾的常见原因。在几乎所有神经重症中，各种免疫细胞及因子构成了一个复杂而动态的免疫炎症网络。这种炎症网络系统的稳态失衡最终导致免疫损伤。全面认识儿童神经重症免疫炎性反应的发生发展过程，重视免疫炎症的动态评估，有利于精准治疗和个体化治疗，改善儿童神经重症的预后、减轻医疗负担。

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