Abstract: For children with severe neurocritical conditions，analgesia and sedation are key components of treatment，ensuring patients’ comfort during their stay in the intensive care unit and promoting neurological function recovery and improving prognosis. However，there are still differences in the management strategies of analgesia and sedation in children worldwide.This article summarizes the assessment and monitoring of analgesia and sedation in children with severe neurocritical conditions，as well as non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options，in order to standardize the application and safety assessment of analgesic and sedative drugs in children with severe neurological conditions，and ultimately promote the analgesia and sedation measures to develop towards evidence-based and precise drug treatment in children with severe neurocritical conditions.

Key words: pediatric, neurocritical care, analgesia, sedation, management

摘要： 对于儿童神经重症患者，镇痛镇静是治疗的关键组成部分，可确保患者在重症监护病房期间的舒适度，以及促进神经功能恢复和改善预后。但在世界范围内儿童镇痛镇静的管理策略仍然存在差异，文章总结了儿童神经重症镇痛镇静的评估与监测、非药物及药物治疗方案，以规范儿童神经重症镇痛镇静药物的应用和安全性评估，并最终促进镇痛镇静措施在神经重症儿童患者中迈向循证和精准的药物治疗。

关键词: 儿童, 神经重症, 镇痛, 镇静, 管理