Developmental dyslexia，a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood，is primarily marked by reading proficiency deficits. A wealth of studies have demonstrated that this disorder not only has a detrimental impact on children’s academic achievements but also induces a spectrum of cognitive impairments，self-concept disturbances，and emotional disorders，such as anxiety and depression. Given its high prevalence and severe consequences，the academic community’s interest in childhood dyslexia has been on the rise. This article，through an extensive review of domestic and international research，analyzes the advances in the study of developmental dyslexia from multiple aspects，including its pathogenesis，comorbidity patterns，assessment and screening approaches，and intervention strategies. The overarching goal is to enhance the abilities of clinical practitioners in evaluating and identifying children with developmental dyslexia，so as to lay a solid groundwork for “mechanism elucidation-early identification-targeted intervention”.

developmental dyslexia, neurodevelopmental mechanisms, comorbidity patterns, assessment and screening, multi-tiered intervention

发展性阅读障碍作为儿童期广泛存在的一种神经发育障碍，其核心特征表现为阅读存在困难。研究发现，该障碍不仅会影响儿童的学业成绩，还会引发儿童出现一系列认知、自我概念及焦虑抑郁等问题。由于阅读障碍的高发以及后果的严重性，研究者对儿童阅读障碍的关注也在持续增加。通过对国内外研究成果进行梳理，文章从发病机制、共病模式、评估筛查以及干预策略解析发展性阅读障碍研究进展，提高临床医护对儿童发展性阅读障碍的评估与筛查能力，为“机制解析 - 早期识别 - 精准干预”提供依据。

发展性阅读障碍, 神经发育机制, 共病模式, 评估筛查, 分级干预