Abstract: Type 1 diabetes is mainly caused by T cell-mediated islet cell-specific immune damage. The characteristics include decreased C-peptide and insulin， positive diabetes-related antibodies，more diabetic ketoacidosis，and dependence on insulin therapy. In clinical practice it is difficult to classify type 1 and type 2 diabetes in some children and adolescents due to atypical clinical features. The assessment of islet β cell function provides an important evidence for the classification. This article summarizes the evaluation methods of islet β cell function，including oral glucose tolerance test，serum C-peptide and insulin production index，aiming to improve the ability to evaluate residual islet function in patients with type 1 diabetes，increase the level in identifying diabetes children，and provide better guidance to the treatment and follow-up of children with type 1 diabetes.

Key words: type 1 diabetes, children and adolescents, islet cell function, glucose tolerance test, β-cell homeostasis assessment model

摘要： 1型糖尿病的发病主要源于T细胞介导的胰岛细胞特异性免疫损伤，具有C肽和胰岛素降低、糖尿病相关抗体阳性、糖尿病酮症酸中毒常见、依赖胰岛素治疗等特征。临床实践中部分糖尿病患儿特征不典型，糖尿病分型困难，胰岛β细胞功能的评估为分型提供重要依据。该文通过汇总β细胞功能评估方法的比较，包括葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）、血清C肽、胰岛素生成指数等，以期提高对儿童青少年1型糖尿病患儿残存的胰岛功能的评估能力，提升糖尿病患儿的鉴别水平，更好地指导儿童青少年1型糖尿病患儿的治疗和随访。

关键词: 1型糖尿病, 儿童青少年, 胰岛细胞功能, 葡萄糖耐量试验, β细胞稳态评估模型