Accurately assessing the presence and severity of hypoxia is of great significance. Hypoxia is currently diagnosed based on the criteria of hypoxemia，but the three types of hypoxia—circulatory，hematological，and histotoxic—do not present with hypoxemia. Actually，the current criteria of hypoxia is only applicable to the assessment of hypotonic（respiratory）hypoxia caused by respiratory diseases. This article elaborates on the types of hypoxia，its correlation with hypoxemia，compensatory mechanisms of respiratory hypoxia，and new assessment indicators.

child, respiratory system, hypoxia, assessment

准确评估机体有无缺氧及严重程度具有重要意义。目前缺氧状态是根据低氧血症的标准来判断，但循环性、血液性和组织性这三种缺氧类型都不会出现低氧血症，实际上仅适用于评估呼吸系统疾病所致的低张性（呼吸性）缺氧的情况。该文从缺氧的类型、与低氧血症的关系、呼吸性缺氧的代偿机制以及新的评估指标等方面作一阐述。

儿童, 呼吸系统, 缺氧, 评估