Objective To investigate the current state of clinical diagnosis and treatment for cervical cancer in China，focusing on systemic therapeutic practices. By surveying clinicians on biomarker testing applications，treatment regimen considerations and preferences，this study is aimed to identify unmet clinical needs and provide a reference for standardization of diagnosis and treatment. Methods A nationwide sampling survey combining online questionnaires and in-depth interviews was conducted from August to September 2025，involving 300 clinicians （30 experts participated in interviews，270 completed questionnaires）. The survey primarily covered the admission of cervical cancer patients，patient stage and pathology types，biomarker testing，treatment strategies for locally advanced，recurrent，or metastatic cervical cancer （including first-，second- or later-line settings）. It also covered clinicians’ insights regarding immune checkpoint inhibitors （ICI） and antibody-drug conjugates （ADC）. Results A total of 270 valid questionnaires and 30 valid expert interviews were obtained. At diagnosis，early-stage （ⅠA1-ⅠB2，ⅡA1），locally advanced （ⅠB3，ⅡA2-ⅣA），and recurrent/metastatic （ⅣB） cervical cancer （r/m CC） accounted for 32.2%，35.8%，and 31.9%，respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma was predominant （74.9%）. Among the patients，75.0% were recommended for programmed death-ligand 1 （PD-L1） and other biomarker testing，with an actual testing rate of 53.7%. For locally advanced cervical cancer，concurrent chemoradiotherapy （CCRT） with or without ICIs was the first choice. For r/m CC，first-line treatment was mainly ICI combined with chemotherapy±anti-angiogenic agents （71%）. For second- or later-line treatment，combination regimens predominated （approximately 75%）. Among patients not previously treated with ICIs，chemotherapy combined with ICIs was the first choice，with chemotherapy combined with ICIs and chemotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic agents accounting for 37% and 34% of cases，respectively. For patients with prior ICI exposure，chemotherapy combined with ICIs and chemotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic agents were the first choices at 30% and 23%，respectively；regimens containing ADCs accounted for approximately 30%. Conclusions This study reveals the current status of cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment in China，highlighting gaps in biomarker testing recommendations and clinical application. It identifies core considerations and treatment options for locally advanced and r/m CC in first-line，providing data support for advancing standardized clinical practice.

The cesarean section rate remains persistently high worldwide. As one of the long-term complications of cesarean section， cesarean scar defect has attracted increasing clinical attention. It can cause abnormal uterine bleeding， secondary infertility， chronic pelvic pain， and an increased risk of uterine rupture in subsequent pregnancies， endangering patients' physical and mental health as well as reproductive safety. Currently， there is no unified treatment protocol for CSD. Pharmacological therapy often yields suboptimal outcomes， and surgical intervention is the main clinical treatment option. This study examines the individualized strategy selection， key surgical techniques， and refined operational points for the surgical repair of CSD， and explores multi-dimensional efficacy evaluation indicators encompassing symptom improvement， anatomical structure repair， and fertility restoration. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for clinical practice.

TORCH infection is one of the causes of birth defects，and there is currently a lack of effective treatment options. Strengthening preconception and prenatal TORCH infection surveillance and making accurate diagnosis are crucial. Serological screening markers for TORCH infection include specific IgM，IgG，and IgG antibody affinity，which are used for infection screening and immune status assessment. Preconception TORCH serological screening is recommended. Routine TORCH serological screening is not recommended for low-risk pregnant women during pregnancy，but TORCH testing is advised when indicated. Clinical signs of suspected maternal infection and certain abnormal ultrasound findings provide clues for detecting intrauterine infection and guide the decision on invasive prenatal diagnosis. Clear intrauterine fetal infection and the presence of structural abnormalities are critical for assessing fetal prognosis. The ultrasound findings of fetal TORCH infection lack specificity and can involve multiple organs，with varying degrees of fetal involvement after maternal viral infection. Fetal blood analysis has additional value in identifying the risk of fetal infection and assessing fetal prognosis.

Ovarian endometriosis（Endometrioma）is a common condition among women of reproductive age and is closely associated with infertility. It impairs female fertility through multiple mechanisms. This article aims to explore individualized management strategies for fertility preservation in patients with ovarian endometriosis，highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and timely intervention. It also elaborates on drug treatment options，surgical timing and techniques，long-term postoperative management，and the application of fertility preservation technologies for patients with fertility desires，promoting fertility preservation in patients with endometrioma.

Since the advent of diagnosis for endometrial injury and intrauterine adhesions（IUA）， it has always been a challenging issue in clinical practice， significantly affecting the physiological functions and fertility of patients. Various classification systems have emerged home and abroad， each with its own unique standards， but they also have shortcomings and are unable to comprehensively cover the diagnosis and treatment of the disease， posing many challenges for clinical application. This article will detail the characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of various classification systems through the evolution of the IUA classification system， and will deeply discuss the problems encountered during their application. At the same time， combined with the advancement of diagnostic and therapeutic technologies， some exploratory suggestions for the improvement of future classification systems will be proposed.

Development of multiple follicles during controlled ovarian stimulation increases the risk of complications such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and thrombosis.This article reviewed the latest guidelines and consensuses and updated the prevention measures and treatment regimens of these associated complications in order to provide reference for optimizing clinical strategies.

Prenatal ultrasound examination is an important means for screening and evaluating fetal structures. With the improvement in resolution and the accumulation of evidence-based medicine，ultrasound indicators have evolved from empirical identification to refined management tools based on risk stratification. "Hard markers" serve as direct evidence of structural malformations and are clear indications for initiating invasive prenatal diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment. "Soft markers"， on the other hand，represent minor ultrasound manifestations，and the interpretation of their clinical significance is highly dependent on whether they occur in isolation，the background risk of the mother，and the results of related molecular genetic testing.On entering the era of molecular medicine，with the widespread application of non-invasive prenatal screening，chromosomal microarray technology，and high-throughput sequencing technology，clinicians should understand and master how to construct an integrated diagnosis and treatment model of "image recognition-risk stratification-molecular diagnosis-prognosis assessment-individualized counseling"，and learn how to move from static image recognition to evidence-based quantification and from abnormal static records to systematic pathological reasoning.

Intrauterine adhesions are a damaging disease of the basal layer of the endometrium， which seriously endangers the reproductive and physiological health of women of childbearing age. Transcervical resection of adhesion， as the main treatment for intrauterine adhesions， can remove intrauterine scars and restore the anatomical morphology of the uterine cavity， but the difficulty of endometrial regeneration and the high recurrence rate of adhesions are still the great challenges. Therefore， how to effectively promote the repair for endometrial injury is an important part of improving the clinical efficacy. This article elucidates the practical methods of endometrial injury repair， and evaluates the efficacy， in order to provide valuable references for clinical treatment.

Uterine cavity diseases have a serious impact on women's reproductive function and physiological health，and have become an increasingly important topic of concern in gynecological clinical practice，fertility regulation，and assisted reproductive technology. Hysteroscopy is performed through natural channels for direct diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment of uterine cavity diseases. It is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of various uterine cavity occupying lesions，endometrial lesions，uterine injury diseases，uterine malformations，and early endometrial malignant tumors due to its precise positioning，unlikelihood in missing small lesions，effective protection of normal endometrium and muscle wall tissue while removing lesions，achieving the goal of preserving organs and protecting functions. It is known as a minimally invasive method and standard procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of uterine cavity diseases. In recent years，with the increasing attention to uterine cavity diseases and the development of uterine cavity reconstruction surgery，how to control the standardization of clinical diagnosis and treatment to promote it in an orderly manner，pay attention to individualized surgical choices for different populations，perform perioperative management，and reduce surgical complications has become an urgent problem to be solved in clinical practice.

Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive system. Treatment strategies include pharmacological management，surgical interventions，as well as minimally invasive procedures such as uterine artery embolization，focused ultrasound ablation，and radiofrequency ablation. Surgical approaches are primarily categorized into myomectomy and hysterectomy，with procedural pathways including hysteroscopy，laparoscopy，and laparotomy. Standardized treatment decision-making requires individualized evaluation based on factors such as the size，number，and location of the fibroids，associated symptoms，the patient’s fertility desires，and specific subtypes of fibroids. Additionally，special attention should be given to the diagnosis and management of certain unique types of uterine fibroids.

Birth defects represent a major public health concern affecting population quality and child health in China. Shifting the focus of prevention to the preconception period is a core strategy aligned with the "Healthy China 2030" initiative and the life-cycle health concept，and is also the most cost-effective and efficient measure for preventing birth defects. Preconception health management is not merely a preconception check-up but a systematic process encompassing health promotion，risk assessment，stratified intervention，and multi-disciplinary collaboration，serving as the most cost-effective primary prevention measure. Drawing upon the national policy requirements for constructing specialized preconception care units and the clinical practical experience of our hospital，this article elaborates on a systematic preconception health management framework involving comprehensive assessment，risk stratification，and precise intervention. It describes the core components and practical points in detail，and discusses current challenges and proposes countermeasures，envisioning a future shift from population-based prevention to individualized prevention and the establishment of a continuous，digitalized health management loop.

Controlled ovarian stimulation（COS）is a crucial step in assisted reproductive technology（ART）.The choice of protocol directly affects follicular development，oocyte quality，and pregnancy outcomes.This article reviews the usage，drug selections，and clinical application characteristics of the three mainstream COS protocols，namely the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist protocol，gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol，and ovarian mild stimulation protocol.It aims to provide a reference for the individualized implementation of COS in clinical practice.