Abstract: Advanced heart failure is the end stage of heart failure，and serious signs and symptoms will remain even with optimal treatments. The mortality of advanced heart failure in children is remarkably high，which has a tremendous negative impact on the daily life and growth of children. It has becoming a major problem that endangers children's life and health. This article retrospectively analyzes the related guidelines and clinical researches at home and abroad in the recent， and summarizes the definition，epidemiological characteristics，diagnostic basis and treatment plans of advanced heart failure in children，in the hope of providing references for early recognition and treatment.

Key words: child, advanced heart failure, diagnosis, treatment

摘要： 终末期心力衰竭是心力衰竭进展的最后阶段，即使予以了最优治疗，仍存在严重的症状与体征。儿童终末期心力衰竭病死率高，对患儿的日常生活与生长发育造成严重的负面影响，是危害儿童生命健康的重大问题。该文对近年来国内外相关指南及临床研究进行了回顾分析，总结了儿童终末期心力衰竭的定义、流行特征、诊断依据及治疗方案，为临床的早期识别与治疗提供参考。

关键词: 儿童, 终末期心力衰竭, 诊断, 治疗