Abstract: Objective    To study the clinical features of children with coronavirus disease. Methods    A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 188 hospitalized children diagnosed with novel coronavirus infection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from December 2022 to March 2023. Divide them into mild group （34 cases）； moderate group （75 cases）， and severe or critical group （79 cases）； compare their clinical features，results of experimental examinations and outcomes. Results    The proportion of endocrine and nutritional metabolic disorders in the severe or critical group was higher than that in the mild group and the moderate group， the proportion of respiratory and nervous system disease was higher than that in the moderate group， the proportion of premature birth and dysplasia diseases was higher than that in the mild group， and the proportion of hematologic system diseases and immune  system diseases was lower than that in the mild group（P<0.05）. The fever peak washigher in severe or critical group， and the incidence of cough in moderate group was higher than that in mild group （P<0.05）. The white blood cell count was higher in severe or critical group than in mild group，C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were higher in severe or critical group than those in mild group and moderate group， and IL-6 was higher and the percentage of lymphocyte was lower than those in moderate group （P<0.05）. The rate of bacterial coinfection in severe or critical group was higher than that in mild group. Finally， three children died， while the rest were discharged after getting better. Conclusion    The increased proportion of children in severe condition or with basic diseases，complex coinfection and comorbidity pose greater challenges to disease diagnosis and treatment. The increase in white blood cell count， C-reactive protein， calcitonin and IL-6， and the decrease in lymphocyte ratio may indicate the aggravation of the disease. For children with respiratory and nervous system diseases， premature delivery and abnormal growth diseases and endocrine and nutritional metabolic disorders， it is necessary to be alert to the possibility of severe diseases. For children with other types of basic diseases， it is necessary to be alert to the impact of SARS CoV-2 infection on their basic diseases.

Key words: coronavirus disease 2019, clinical features, child, coinfection, basic diseases

摘要： 目的    探讨新型冠状病毒感染患儿的临床特征。方法    回顾性收集2022年12月至2023年3月厦门大学附属第一医院188例确诊为新型冠状病毒感染的住院患儿临床资料。将其分为轻型组34例，中型组75例，重型及危重型组79例，比较3组患儿临床特征、辅助检查结果及转归。结果    重型及危重型组的内分泌营养代谢疾病比例高于轻型组及中型组，呼吸及神经系统疾病比例高于中型组，早产及发育异常疾病比例高于轻型组，血液系统疾病和免疫系统疾病比例低于轻型组，且具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。重型及危重型组热峰高于轻型组及中型组，中型组咳嗽发生率高于轻型组，且具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。重型及危重型组的白细胞总数及合并细菌感染率高于轻型组，C反应蛋白（CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）高于轻型组及中型组，白介素（IL）-6高于中型组，淋巴细胞百分比低于中型组，且差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。除3例患儿死亡外，余均好转后出院。结论    重型及有基础病患儿比例的增大、合并复杂感染和共患病对疾病诊治带来了更大挑战。白细胞总数、CRP、PCT和IL-6升高，淋巴细胞百分比下降可能提示疾病加重；对于合并呼吸及神经系统疾病、早产及发育异常疾病和内分泌营养代谢疾病的患儿需警惕重型可能；对于患其他类型基础疾病的患儿应警惕新型冠状病毒感染对其基础疾病的影响。

关键词: 新型冠状病毒, 临床特征, 儿童, 合并感染, 基础疾病