Abstract: Talaromyces marneffei is an endemic opportunistic pathogenic fungus that is mainly prevalent in Guangdong and Guangxi regions in China.Different from Talaromyces marneffei infection in adults that are more common in patients with HIV infection，in children it is more common in immunocompromised patients without HIV infection.Due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations and insufficient understanding of the disease，it is easy to make misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis，leading to incre-ased mortality. In this article the related etiology，epidemiology，pathogenic mechanism，clinical manifestations，auxiliary exami-nation，diagnosis and treatment are described，in order to improve the doctors’ level in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Key words: child, Talaromyces marneffei, expert consensus

摘要： 马尔尼菲篮状菌是一种地方性机会致病性真菌，在中国主要流行于广东和广西地区。不同于成人马尔尼菲篮状菌感染多见于人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者，儿童马尔尼菲篮状菌感染多见于非HIV感染的免疫功能低下者。由于缺乏特异性临床表现，对其认识不足，容易出现漏诊或误诊，病死率高。文章对儿童马尔尼菲篮状菌相关病原学、流行病学、致病机制、临床表现、辅助检查、诊断和治疗等内容进行阐述，以期提高临床医师对疾病诊断及治疗水平。

关键词: 儿童, 马尔尼菲篮状菌, 专家共识