Abstract: The candida genus，including candida albicans and non-albicans species，serves as opportunistic pathogens. In instances of compromised immune functionality，inhalation or hematogenous dissemination may cause pulmonary candidal infections. Pediatric pulmonary candidiasis presents with non-specific clinical features，primarily characterized by hyperpyrexia，cough，hemoptysis，or viscous gelatinous sputum，often involving skin，kidneys，and gastrointestines. Hierarchical diagnostic stratification presently prevails in the assessment of pediatric pulmonary candidal infections. Therapeutically，emphasis lies in the treatment of the primary disease and eliminating high-risk factors. Antifungal strategies encompass prophylactic，empirical，and preemptive treatment.

Key words: candida infection, pulmonary, child, diagnosis, treatment

摘要： 念珠菌属分为白念珠菌和非白念珠菌，为条件致病菌，人体免疫防御功能下降时，可通过吸入或血行传播引起肺部念珠菌感染。儿童肺部念珠菌感染的临床症状缺乏特异度，主要表现为高热、咳嗽、痰中带血丝、或有黏液胶冻样痰，可累及皮肤、肾脏、胃肠道等器官。儿童肺部念珠菌感染的诊断采用分级诊断模式，治疗时要注意治疗原发病、祛除高危因素，抗真菌药物治疗包括预防性、经验性和抢先治疗。

关键词: 念珠菌感染, 肺部, 儿童, 诊断, 治疗