Abstract: Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of myocar-dium caused by various pathogenic factors. The clinical manifestations of myocarditis in children are complex and varied， and the severity of the disease varies. Because the onset of myocarditis is hidden， early diagnosis and timely treatment are particularly important to improve the prognosis of myocarditis. Gene polymorphism plays an important role in the occurrence and development of myocarditis in children. In this paper， we introduced the research progress on the relationship of the gene polymorphisms of Coxsackie-adenovirus receptor， human leukocyte antigen， matrix metalloproteinases， inducible nitric oxide synthase， IL-17， vitamin D receptor， monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 and  non-coding RNA with myocarditis， hoping to help understand the pathogenesis of myocarditis in children better， do a good job in screening and preventing susceptible people， and provide new ideas for early diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis in children.

Key words: myocarditis, child, gene polymorphism

摘要： 心肌炎是由各种致病因素引起的心肌炎症性疾病，儿童心肌炎临床表现复杂多样，病情严重程度不一。由于心肌炎起病隐匿，尽早诊断、及时治疗对改善心肌炎预后尤为重要。基因多态性在儿童心肌炎发生发展中扮演重要角色。文章通过介绍柯萨奇-腺病毒受体、人类白细胞抗原、基质金属蛋白酶，诱导型一氧化氮合酶、白介素（IL）-17、维生素D受体、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1、非编码RNA等基因多态性与心肌炎相关性的研究进展，希望有助于深入理解儿童心肌炎发病机制，对易感人群做好筛查预防工作，并为儿童心肌炎的早期诊断及治疗提供新思路。

关键词: 心肌炎, 儿童, 基因多态性