Abstract: Basic research hotspots and future directions of differentiated thyroid cancer   ZHANG Hao*，SUN Wei，TIAN Wen.  *Department of Thyroid Surgery，the First Hospital of China Medical University，Shenyang 110001，China
Corresponding authors：ZHANG Hao，E-mail：haozhang@cmu.edu.cn；TIAN Wen，E-mail：tianwen301_cta01@163.com
Abstract    The incidence of thyroid cancer increased most rapidly around world in recent years. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) accounts for more than 90% of thyroid cancer. With the increasing incidence of DTC，the basic research of DTC has been paid more attention than before. At present，molecular diagnostic tools have high accuracy in the diagnosis of benign and malignant nodules，but the high price limits its clinical application. The preoperative diagnosis of thyroid follicular cancer and noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features is still lack of effective markers and diagnostic models. In terms of prognostic markers，although the prognostic value of BRAF and TERT mutations for PTC has been well elucidated，there is still a lack of accurate prognostic model combined with multiple genes. Besides TG and TGAb，miRNAs may provide new ideas for follow-up monitoring of DTC. In the aspect of targeted therapy，tyrosine kinase inhibitors and neoadjuvant therapy for DTC specific gene mutations and pathways have become the focus of attention.

Key words: differentiated thyroid cancer, basic research, hotspot

摘要： 甲状腺癌是近年来发病率增长最快的实体恶性肿瘤，其中分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）占新发甲状腺癌的90%以上，故DTC相关的基础研究越来越受重视。（1）DTC诊断标记物：分子诊断工具对于结节良恶性的诊断已具有较高的准确率，但高昂的费用限制了其临床应用；甲状腺滤泡癌和具有乳头样细胞核特征的非侵袭性滤泡型甲状腺肿瘤的术前诊断仍缺乏有效的标记物和诊断模型。（2）预后标记物：尽管鼠类肉瘤滤过性毒菌致癌同源体B1（BRAF）突变和端粒酶逆转录酶（TERT）启动子突变对DTC的预后价值已被阐明，但仍缺乏多基因联合的精准预后模型。（3）随访监测：除甲状腺球蛋白和甲状腺球蛋白抗体外，miRNAs有望为DTC术后随访监测提供新思路。（4）靶向治疗：针对DTC特异性基因突变和通路的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和靶向药的新辅助治疗成为关注的热点。

关键词: 分化型甲状腺癌, 基础研究, 热点