Publication Ethics Policy

1. Authorship

Authorship and its order should be collectively determined by all authors prior to submission. Changes after submission are generally not permitted. If alterations are necessary, a written statement signed by all authors explaining the change in authorship must be provided. An author must meet all the following criteria:

(1) Contributed significantly to the conception or design of the study, or participated in the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data;

(2) Drafted the manuscript or critically revised it for important intellectual content;

(3) Approved the final version to be published;

(4) Agrees to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

2. Academic Integrity

Research must be conducted honestly, accurately, and safely. Fabrication or falsification of data is strictly prohibited. The journal strictly forbids duplicate submissions or the submission of papers with significant content overlap to multiple journals. Manuscripts under consideration by this journal should not be submitted elsewhere until a formal rejection notice is issued. Authors must obtain all necessary permissions for any overlapping materials used from other sources and provide proper acknowledgment in the manuscript.

3. Conflicts of Interest

Authors must declare any potential conflicts of interest upon submission. This includes all financial and personal relationships that could be perceived as biasing the work, such as employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, grants, or other funding. If no potential conflicts of interest exist, authors should state "The authors declare no conflicts of interest" at the end of the manuscript.