Abstract: Application of endoscopy for gynecomastia        LIU Bao-yin. Department of General Surgery，Fu Xing Hospital，Capital Medical University，Beijing 100038，China
Abstract    Endoscopic surgery has been widely used in the treatment of the high-grade gynecomastia（Simon grade Ⅱb and above）. At present，the details of endoscopic surgery for gynecomastia in the published guidelines are still incomplete. Breast surgeon should not only use the advantages of endoscopy to resect the subcutaneous glands，but also try to preserve the function according to the anatomical level，and pay attention to both surgical skills and postoperative aesthetic effects. Surgical procedures should be optimized to reduce postoperative complications. The advantages of endoscopic technology in gynecomastia should be reflected.

Key words: endoscopy, gynecomastia, mastectomy

摘要： 腔镜手术治疗Simon分级>Ⅱb级的男性乳腺发育已在临床广泛开展。已发布的指南中对于腔镜手术的解剖层次及操作细节的描述仍不完善。乳腺外科医师不仅应利用腔镜的优势来切除皮下的腺体，也须注意解剖层次以尽量保留功能，在注重手术技巧的同时兼顾术后美容效果，优化手术步骤以减少术后并发症的发生，更好的体现腔镜技术在男性乳腺发育手术中的优势。

关键词: 腔镜, 男性乳腺发育, 乳腺切除术