Abstract: With the global incidence rate of thyroid cancer rising year by year，many guidelines have been issued and updated at home and abroad to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer.After the release of the first and second editions of the“Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Tumors”in October 2010 and December 2018，Japan officially released the third edition of the guidelines in April 2024.The Japanese guidelines raise questions based on their own clinical practice and make recommendations based on their own evidence-based medicine，which is worth learning from and emulating.The recommendations for surgical treatment in the new version of the guidelines are more refined，surgical strategies tend to be conservative，and there is a greater emphasis on surgical safety management and functional protection.

Key words: thyroid neoplasm, guideline, risk stratification, surgical complications, functional preservation, evidence-based medicine, individualized treatment

摘要： 随着全球甲状腺癌发病率逐年上升，国内外颁布众多指南不断更新，旨在规范甲状腺癌诊疗。日本继2010年10月和2018年12月发布第一和第二版《甲状腺肿瘤诊疗指南》之后，于2024年4月正式发布第三版指南。日本指南从自身的临床实践出发提出问题，以该国的循证医学证据为主做出推荐，值得借鉴和学习。新版指南外科治疗部分推荐意见更加细化、手术策略趋于保守、更注重手术安全管理和功能保护。

关键词: 甲状腺肿瘤, 指南, 风险分层, 手术并发症, 功能保护, 循证医学, 个体化治疗