Abstract: Indecation and resection range of lateral lymph node dissection of rectal cancer        LIU Qian,WANG Xi-shan. Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
Corresponding author: LIU Qian,E-mail：fcwpumch@163.com
Abstract    Lateral lymph node metastasis is important pathway of metastasis of low rectal cancer，which is also one of the most importmant risk factors for bad prognosis.Numerous evidences from evidences-based medicine demonstrated that preoperative chemoradiotherapy cannot eradicate lateral lymph node metastasis. With the improvement of surgical technology and the extensive development of laparoscopic surgery lateral, lymph node dissection（LLND）is performed widely as a effective therapeutic method.  But，there are still many problems in this research field without clear conclusions，such as the indecation of LLND and how to decide the resection range, which restrict the popularization and therapeutic evaluation of this technology. Chinese and Japanese scholars have conducted relevant research on the above issues and reached preliminary conclusions,these conclusions are needed to be confirmed by more high-level evidence-based medical evidence yet.

Key words: rectal neoplasms, lateral lymph node dissection, lymph node metastasis

摘要： 侧方淋巴结转移是低位直肠癌的重要转移途径，放化疗对其疗效不佳，影响直肠癌病人预后。侧方淋巴结清扫作为一种有效的治疗手段，随着腹腔镜手术的普及和外科医生手术技巧的提高，被越来越广泛的应用于临床。但直肠癌侧方淋巴结清扫领域很多问题尚存争议，制约了该技术的推广和疗效评价，这其中以直肠癌侧方清扫手术指征的把握和清扫范围如何界定最为突出。中日两国学者针对上述问题开展了相关研究并得出了初步结论，但这些结论尚需更高级别的循证医学证据来证实。

关键词: 直肠癌, 侧方淋巴结清扫, 淋巴结转移