Abstract:

Rational option and evaluation of laboratory tests for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules        LI Xiao-xi. Department of Vascular-Thyroid-Breast Surgery，the First Affiliated Hospital，Sun Yat-sen University，Guangzhou510080，China
Abstract    Thyroid nodules are frequent and the appropriate clinical management is focused primarily on excluding thyroid cancer，as well as on evaluating thyroid dysfunction. The initial evaluation should include complete clinical review，thyroid ultrasonogram，cytological assessment of the nodule by fine needle aspiration，and laboratory assessment. Laboratory testing for thyroid function and autoantibodies should be examined in order to discriminate non-functioning nodules from hyperthyroidism，hypothyroidism，and thyroiditis. Serum thyroglobulin is the marker for monitoring persistence or recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer，and calcitonin for diagnosis and follow-up in medullary thyroid cancer.

Key words: thyroid nodule；thyroid cancer；calcitonin, serum thyroglobulin；thyroid stimulating hormone

摘要：

甲状腺结节较为常见，临床工作中首要的是诊治甲状腺癌以及甲状腺功能异常，包括甲状腺结节的病史、体检、甲状腺超声检查、细针穿刺细胞学检查和实验室检查等都很重要。检测甲状腺功能和自身抗体有助于鉴别甲状腺功能亢进、甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺炎。血清甲状腺球蛋白监测可以发现分化型甲状腺癌残留或复发，检测降钙素有助于诊断和随访甲状腺髓样癌。

关键词: 甲状腺结节, 甲状腺癌, 降钙素, 血清甲状腺球蛋白, 促甲状腺激素