腹膜后肿瘤种类繁多，可累及不同部位，位于上腹部的手术难度较下腹部大，右侧较左侧难度大，其中以右上腹部手术难度最大。解剖位置是手术的最关键因素，其次是肿瘤的血供情况及肿瘤形态，肿瘤的大小并不是决定因素。其中右上腹腹膜后肿瘤涉及的最重要的解剖结构包括十二指肠、腹主动脉、肠系膜上动脉、下腔静脉及腰静脉等。对腹膜后肿瘤，既不要轻易放弃，也不可盲目分离切除，应在充分了解解剖结构的前提下，不断在手术实践中积累经验，使病人获得更佳的治疗效果。

Anatomy problems related to the complex retroperitoneal tumor        HUANG Xiao-hui, LI Pei-yu, GONG Lei, et al. Department of General Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
Corresponding author: LI Pei-yu, E-mail:lipeiyuu@yahoo.com.cn
Abstract    Retroperitoneal tumor can be classified into many types and involve many different parts. Operation complexity depends on the tumor location, with tumor located in the upper abdomen more difficult than the lower part and right more difficult than the left part. Tumor in the right upper quadrant is most complex to mange. The anatomic location is the first key factor for the operation, with blood supply and tumor formation coming as the second, while the tumor size is not decisive. The most important anatomic structures in the location include the duodenum, abdominal aorta, superior mesenteric artery, inferior vena cava and lumbar veins. Only with a comprehensive understanding of the key structure of the retroperitoneal space, and nether easy giving up nor blind dissection, surgeons can accumulate more experience to mange the patients better.