急性弥漫性腹膜炎是一种常见的外科急症，病因复杂，鉴别诊断较为困难。腹腔穿刺术作为一项常用的外科技术，在急性弥漫性腹膜炎的鉴别诊断中发挥着不可替代的作用，常能迅速地判断病因，从而指导快速有效的治疗。

Role of abdominal paracentesis in the differential diagnosis of acute diffuse peritonitis LIU Lian-xin, MENG Xian-zhi. Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China Corresponding author: LIU Lian-xin, E-mail: liulianxin@medmail.com.cn Abstract Acute diffuse peritonitis is a common surgical emergency with complex etiology, which makes its differential diagnosis very difficult. Abdominal paracentesis, a commonly used surgical technique, plays an irreplaceable role in the differential diagnosis of acute diffuse peritonitis. It usually leads to quick judgement of etiology as well as timely and effective treatment.