目的 统计分析中国多地区2025年度减重与代谢手术开展情况。方法 基于大中华减重与代谢手术数据库数据登记工作，统计分析2025年度各地区减重与代谢手术开展情况及2018—2025年度随访情况，并对病人人口学信息、肥胖症相关疾病、手术信息及随访信息等进行统计学描述与分析。结果 2025年度，来自24个省（自治区、直辖市）的64家中心向大中华减重与代谢手术数据库上传临床数据，登记有效病例10 404例。术前体重指数（BMI）中位数为39.1（25.4，94.9）。女性病人7045例（70.4%），年龄中位数为33（9，72）岁；男性病人2964例（29.6%），年龄中位数为31（10，68）岁。相应字段有效病例中，37.6%的病人术前合并2型糖尿病，92.5%合并代谢相关脂肪性肝病，53.0%合并高血压，77.6%合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征，67.2%的女性病人术前合并多囊卵巢综合征。手术方式方面，胃袖状切除术（SG）占87.37%，胃袖状切除联合双通道术（SG-TB）占5.39%，单吻合口胃旁路术（OAGB）占2.10%，Roux-en-Y胃旁路术（RYGB）占1.91%，胃袖状切除联合空肠-空肠旁路术（SG-JJB）占0.86%，胃袖状切除联合单吻合口十二指肠回肠旁路术/单吻合口十二指肠转位术（SADI-S/OADS）占0.54%，胃袖状切除联合袢式十二指肠空肠旁路术（SG-LDJB）占0.02%，其他手术方式占0.37%；此外，胃转流支架术、胃内球囊置入术（IGB）和内镜下胃袖状成形术（ESG）分别占1.39%、0.03%和0.02%。在术后12个月有效随访数据中，总体重减少率（%TWL）平均值为28.7%，多余体重减少率（%EWL）中位数为110.9%。结论 2025年度数据报告结果显示，中国接受减重与代谢手术的病人以中青年为主，女性病人居多，术前合并肥胖症相关疾病比例较高，SG仍为主流术式。基于不同随访时间点有效登记数据，术后6~12个月减重水平较高，此后仍显示一定维持趋势。本年度报告反映了中国减重与代谢外科学科发展动态，为开展基于数据库的研究及国际数据比较提供了重要基础。

Objective To summarize metabolic and bariatric surgery practice in China in 2025. Methods Based on data from the Greater China Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Database (GC-MBD), metabolic and bariatric surgery performed in different regions in 2025 and follow-up data from 2018 to 2025 were statistically analyzed. Demographic characteristics, obesity-related diseases, surgical information and follow-up outcomes were descriptively analyzed. Results In 2025, 64 centers from 24 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China registered 10 404 valid cases in GC-MBD. The median of preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 39.1 (25.4, 94.9). Female patients accounted for 7045 cases (70.4%), with a median age of 33 (9, 72) years; male patients accounted for 2 964 cases (29.6%), with a median age of 31 (10, 68) years. Among all valid cases, 37.6% had type 2 diabetes mellitus, 92.5% had metabolic associated fatty liver disease, 53.0% had hypertension, 77.6% had obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and 67.2% of female patients had polycystic ovary syndrome before surgery. Regarding operative procedures, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) accounted for 87.37%, sleeve gastrectomy with transit bipartition (SG-TB) for 5.39%, one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) for 2.10%, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for 1.91%, sleeve gastrectomy with jejunojejunal bypass (SG-JJB) for 0.86%, single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy/one-anastomosis duodenal switch (SADI-S/OADS) for 0.54%, sleeve gastrectomy with loop duodenojejunal bypass (SG-LDJB) for 0.02%, and other procedures for 0.37%. In addition, gastric bypass stenting, intragastric balloon implantation (IGB), and endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) accounted for 1.39%, 0.03%, and 0.02%, respectively. At 12 months after surgery, the mean percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) was 28.7%, and the median percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) was 110.9%. Conclusion The 2025 data showed that patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery in China were mainly young and middle-aged adults, with a predominance of women and a high prevalence of preoperative obesity-related diseases. SG remained the predominant procedure. Weight loss reached a relatively high level at 6 to 12 months after surgery and remained favorable thereafter. This annual report reflects the development of metabolic and bariatric surgery in China and provides an important basis for comparison with previous annual and international data.