外科治疗是肝内胆管癌目前最有效的治疗手段，聚焦肝内胆管癌关键性不良生物学机制建立外科分型及治疗策略对提高肿瘤根治性切除率、改善预后至关重要。在肿瘤微环境中癌症相关成纤维细胞和肿瘤相关巨噬细胞与神经髓鞘施万细胞之间的串扰影响下，肝内胆管癌易侵犯神经和淋巴结转移，而肝门区域大肝蒂的Glisson 鞘的解剖学特点会强化上述肿瘤不良生物学行为。肝门区域Ⅱ级大胆管支起源胆管癌和肝内小胆管支起源、但已侵犯至肝门区域大肝蒂Glisson 鞘的胆管癌，具有相近的肿瘤解剖学和生物学特点，将二者定义为中央型肝内胆管癌，以区别于无上述病理解剖学特点的外周型肝内胆管癌，有利于临床开展同质化研究、建立更为有效的外科治疗体系。

Surgical treatment is the most effective therapeutic approach for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Establishing surgical classification and treatment strategies based on key adverse biological mechanisms of the disease is crucial for increasing the rate of curative resection and improving prognosis. Under the crosstalk effects between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and Schwann cells of the nerve myelin sheath，intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma readily invades nerves and metastasizes via lymphatic routes. The anatomical characteristics of Glisson’s capsule enveloping the large hepatic pedicle in the liver hilar region exacerbate these adverse biological behaviors of the tumor. Cholangiocarcinoma originating from secondary branches of the intrahepatic bile duct system and originating from small intrahepatic bile duct branches but invading the large hepatic pedicle Glisson’s capsule in the liver hilar region share similar tumor anatomical and biological characteristics. Defining these two types as central-type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma，to distinguish them from peripheral-type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma，which lacks the aforementioned pathological and anatomical characteristics. This classification facilitates the conduct of homogeneous clinical studies and the establishment of a more effective surgical treatment system.