关键词: 肝静脉, 解剖分型, 肝切除术, 肝移植, 精准外科

Abstract: The complexity and diversity of the anatomical structure of the hepatic venous system have a crucial impact on liver and biliary surgical operations. The main trunks of the hepatic veins—right hepatic vein, middle hepatic vein and left hepatic vein—along with their specialized branches (including umbilical fissural vein, anterior fissural vein and short hepatic veins) exhibit consistent patterns in their courses, drainage territories, and confluences. These anatomical features directly influence surgical planning and outcomes evaluation. In the era of precision liver surgery, a profound understanding of hepatic venous anatomy has become fundamental for performing complex hepatectomies and living donor/split liver transplantation. The anatomical classification of hepatic veins not only affects intraoperative hemorrhage control and surgical safety but also determines postoperative functional recovery and long-term prognosis. Particularly in living donor and split liver transplantation, the anatomical classification of donor hepatic veins dictates the approach to outflow reconstruction and subsequent outcomes. In-depth analysis of hepatic venous anatomical classifications will optimize surgical strategies, enhance procedural precision, reduce complication rates, and improve patient prognosis.

Key words: hepatic vein, anatomical classification, hepatectomy, liver transplantation, precision surgery