关键词: 肝癌, 介入治疗, 经动脉化疗栓塞, 射频消融, 免疫治疗, 靶向治疗, 125I粒子支架, 经动脉化疗栓塞抵抗

Abstract: Interventional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) plays a crucial role in managing intermediate and advanced stages of the disease. It encompasses various techniques, including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT), hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and microwave ablation (MWA). The rational application of these techniques is essential for effective treatment across different stages of HCC. In recent years, the concept of refined TACE has gained acceptance, emphasizing precision in procedures to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize adverse effects. Addressing TACE resistance by promptly adjusting treatment strategies is necessary to optimize patient outcomes. China has made innovative advances in interventional therapy for HCC, such as the development of 125I seed stents and multifunctional microspheres, offering new technological options that improve treatment outcomes. In future practice, combining TACE with targeted therapy and immunotherapy is considered an effective approach for treating advanced HCC, and capable of modulating the local immune microenvironment of tumors and enhancing overall treatment efficacy. These innovations and combined therapeutic strategies can improve patient survival and advance the development of HCC treatment.

Key words: hepatocellular carcinoma, interventional therapy, transarterial chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, 125I seed stent, TACE resistance