关键词: 原发性肝癌, 诊疗指南, 综合治疗, 多学科综合治疗协作组, 系统治疗, 影像学诊断, 病理学检测, 新辅助治疗

Abstract: The release of the 2024 edition of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer marks a significant advancement in the comprehensive treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China. The guidelines have been substantially updated in the areas of diagnosis, staging, and treatment, reflecting the latest research findings both domestically and internationally. In terms of diagnosis, the guidelines have introduced the definition of subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma and corresponding imaging standards, along with higher requirements for the application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound technology. Additionally, the guidelines have updated pathological diagnosis standards, particularly clarifying the definitions of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and provided detailed guidance on molecular pathology testing. For staging, the guidelines maintain the CNLC staging systems and emphasize the integration of oncological factors with the patient’s overall condition, offering more personalized treatment recommendations. In treatment selection, the guidelines have updated the treatment pathway for CNLC stage Ⅲa, recommending TACE or TACE combined with systemic therapy and highlighting the trend towards combined treatments. In surgical treatment, the guidelines stress the importance of postoperative follow-up and introduce the progress of perioperative treatment and conversion therapy. In the field of systemic therapy, several new combination treatment regimens have been introduced, demonstrating superior efficacy compared to traditional monotherapy. Furthermore, the guidelines underscore the role of multidisciplinary treatment teams (MDT) and recommend that hospitals at all levels implement MDT models to develop individualized treatment plans to improve patient survival. The release of the new guidelines will contribute to the standardization of liver cancer diagnosis and treatment in China, enhance overall treatment outcomes, and support the achievement of the “Healthy China 2030” initiative goals.

Key words: primary liver cancer, clinical guidelines, comprehensive treatment, multidisciplinary team, systemic therapy, imaging diagnosis, pathological examination, neoadjuvant therapy