中国实用外科杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (09): 1038-1054.DOI: 10.19538/j.cjps.issn1005-2208.2024.09.14

• 特别推荐论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2010—2017年中国胆囊癌诊治流程与预后分析(附 7874例报告)

王一钧1,孙旭恒1,冯佳毅1,任    泰2,贾子衡1,李    霖1,李雪川1,刘    珂1,刘立果1,刘照南1,蒲    鹏1,陶雯琦1,颜伟康1,央    茂1,杨明杰1,郑志元1,邹    路1,陈    涛1,陈    炜1,耿亚军1,何    敏1,李永盛1,王    辉1,吴文广1,杨林华1,张军峰1,3,吴向嵩2,顾    钧4,巴    桑5,白俊超6,蔡鸿宇7,曹    宏8,曹景玉9,陈晓亮10,崔云甫11,戴朝六12,党学义13,段绍斌14, 冯    健15, 顾剑峰16, 韩    玮17, 郝继辉18, 何松青19,张    斌20, 胡小强21, 姜小清22, 金慧涵23, 李    兵24, 李桂臣25, 李国松26, 李明章27,李其云28,李志臻22,刘昌军29, 刘  超30, 刘付宝31, 刘建生32, 刘景丰33, 刘    军21, 刘连新34, 吕文才35, 聂高华36, 杞映华37,钱叶本31, 邵成浩38, 孙    备39, 王传磊40, 王槐志41, 王军华42,王    雷23,王    琳43,王    琦44,王    益45,王志强46, 武步强47, 徐军明48, 徐    民49, 闫    军50, 杨佳华51,杨    填52,喻定刚53,袁玉峰54,张    磊55,张启瑜56, 张    彤57, 张    煊58, 张学利59, 张学文60,赵    辉61,郑进方62,朱春富63,朱海宏64,左    石65,耿智敏66,龚    伟2,李茂岚1,67,68,张    薇67,68,刘颖斌1,3,67,68   

  1. 1上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院胆胰外科,上海200127;2上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院普通外科,上海200092;3上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院嘉定分院普外科,上海201800;4上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院崇明分院普通外科,上海200092;5日喀则市人民医院普外科,西藏日喀则857000;6云南省大姚县人民医院普外科,云南大姚675400;7南通市肿瘤医院肝胆外科,江苏南通226361;8吉林大学中日联谊医院新民院区肝胆外科,吉林长春130499;9青岛大学附属医院肝胆胰外科,山东青岛266000;10江西省人民医院肝胆外科,江西南昌330006;11哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院胆胰外科,黑龙江哈尔滨150001;12中国医科大学附属盛京医院肝胆脾外科,辽宁沈阳110004;13山西省肿瘤医院肝胆胰胃外科,山西太原030009;14新疆医科大学第四附属医院普外一科,新疆乌鲁木齐830000;15天津大学中西医结合医院肝胆外科,天津300110;16常熟市第一人民医院普外科,江苏常熟215500;17新疆医科大学第一附属医院胰腺外科,新疆乌鲁木齐830054;18天津市肿瘤医院胰腺肿瘤科,天津300181;19广西医科大学第一附属医院肝胆外科,广西南宁530021;20徐州医科大学附属医院普通外科,江苏徐州 221006;21山东第一医科大学附属省立医院(山东省立医院)器官移植肝胆外二科,山东济南250021;22海军军医大学东方肝胆外科医院胆道一科,上海200438;23江南大学附属中心医院肝胆胰外科,江苏无锡214002;24哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院肝胆胰外科,黑龙江哈尔滨150081;25中国医科大学附属第一医院胰胆外科,辽宁沈阳110001;26保山市第二人民医院普外二科,云南保山678000;27包头市中心医院普外科,内蒙古包头 014080;28江西省肿瘤医院腹部肿瘤外科,江西南昌330029;29湖南师范大学附属第一医院(湖南省人民医院)肝胆外科,湖南长沙410000;30中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院胆胰外科,广东广州 510120;31安徽医科大学第一附属医院肝胆胰外科,安徽合肥230022;32山西医科大学第一医院肝胆外科,山西太原030001;33福建省肿瘤医院肝胆胰肿瘤外科,福建福州350014;34中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)肝胆外科,安徽合肥230001;35大连医科大学附属大连市友谊医院肝胆外科,辽宁大连116100;36云南省弥勒第一医院肝胆痔瘘血管外科,云南弥勒652300;37保山市人民医院普外一科,云南保山678000;38海军军医大学第二附属医院(上海长征医院) 胰胆外科,上海200003;39哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院肝胆胰腺外科,黑龙江哈尔滨150001;40吉林大学白求恩第一医院肝胆胰外一科,吉林长春 130031;41重庆市人民医院肝胆胰外科,重庆401147;42佛山市第一人民医院胆道外科,广东佛山 528000;43空军军医大学西京医院肝胆胰脾外科,陕西西安710032;44宁夏医科大学总医院肝胆外科,宁夏银川750004;45太仓市第一人民医院胃肠外科,江苏太仓215413;46上海交通大学医学院附属同仁医院普外科,上海200050;47长治医学院附属和平医院肝胆外科,山西长治046099;48上海交通大学附属第一人民医院普通外科,上海200080;49温州医科大学附属第五医院(丽水市中心医院)放射科,浙江丽水323000;50徐州市中心医院肝胆胰脾外科,江苏徐州221009;51上海中医药大学附属普陀医院普通外科,上海200062;52汕头大学医学院第一附属医院肛肠外科,广东汕头515041;53阿坝藏族羌族自治州人民医院肝胆外科,四川马尔康624099;54武汉大学中南医院肝胆胰外科,湖北武汉430071;55兰州大学第一医院普通外科五科,甘肃兰州730020;56温州医科大学附属第一医院肝胆胰外科,浙江温州325000;57内蒙古医科大学附属医院肝胆胰脾外科,内蒙古呼和浩特010030;58中国人民解放军总医院创伤外科,北京100853;59上海交通大学附属第六人民医院南院上海市奉贤区中心医院普通外科,上海201499;60吉林大学第二医院肝胆胰外科,吉林长春 130041;61云南省楚雄彝族自治州人民医院肝胆外科,云南楚雄675000;62海南医学院附属海南医院(海南省人民医院)肝胆胰外科,海南海口570311;63南京医科大学附属常州第二人民医院肝胆胰外科,江苏常州213004;64青海省人民医院普通外科,青海西宁810007;65贵州医科大学附属医院肝胆外科,贵州贵阳561113;66西安交通大学第一附属医院肝胆外科,陕西西安710061;67上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院  上海市肿瘤研究所  肿瘤系统医学国家重点实验室,上海200127;68上海市肿瘤系统调控与临床转化重点实验室(筹),上海200127
  • 出版日期:2024-09-01 发布日期:2024-09-20

  • Online:2024-09-01 Published:2024-09-20

摘要: 目的    回顾总结并探讨2010—2017年间中国人群胆囊癌的诊断、治疗流程与预后情况。方法    收集并整理2010年1月至2017年12月间全国49家医院共计7874例胆囊癌病人的临床诊疗资料。观察指标包括确诊年份、首诊年龄、确诊医院行政区划、确诊医院等级划分、确诊医院年均胆囊癌诊断例数、性别、B超检查情况、CT检查情况、MRI检查情况、肿瘤标记物[癌胚抗原(CEA)、CA19-9、CA125]检查情况、确诊方式、诊断时机、是否接受手术治疗、接受手术是否达根治标准、TNM分期及是否接受辅助治疗等,结局指标包括死亡日期,根本死因,失访日期,失访原因。计量资料通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov test进行正态性检验,符合正态分布的资料以均值±标准差来描述,组间比较采用t检验;不符合正态分布的资料以中位数(第一四分位数,第三四分位数)来描述,组间比较采用U检验。计数资料以频数(占总体百分比)来描述,组间比较采用卡方检验。单因素分析采用Logistics回归分析,多因素分析采用多因素逐步后退Logistics回归分析。总体生存情况采用寿命表法进行计算,生存数据以中位生存期(95%CI)来描述,固定时间点处组间生存率比较采用Z检验,并采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,采用Log-rank检验进行生存分析。结果    胆囊癌确诊病例数随年份持续增长,确诊病人女性多于男性,中位确诊年龄为64(56,71)岁。随时间推移,增强CT、增强MRI、肿瘤标记物CEA、CA19-9、CA125检查比例不断上升,增强CT、增强MRI、磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)检出率也在不断提升。首诊年龄、性别、确诊医院行政区划、确诊医院等级划分、确诊医院年均胆囊癌诊断例数、B超检查、平扫及增强CT检查、增强MRI检查、MRCP检查、肿瘤标记物CEA、CA19-9、CA125检查对于胆囊癌早期诊断有着显著作用,其中确诊医院行政区划、确诊医院等级划分、确诊医院年均胆囊癌诊断例数、性别、增强CT检查、肿瘤标记物CA125检查是胆囊癌早期诊断的独立影响因素。研究中病人的中位生存期为334 d,6个月总体生存率为66.0%,1年总体生存率为48.0%,2年总体生存率为31.3%,3年总体生存率为22.2%,5年总体生存率为11.2%,各生存指标随肿瘤TNM分期升高快速下降,其中可切除胆囊癌病人在接受根治性手术治疗后中位生存期为699 d,6个月总体生存率为88.0%,1年总体生存率为71.6%,2年总体生存率为48.6%,3年总体生存率为33.8%,5年总体生存率为17.6%。研究还发现确诊年份、首诊年龄、确诊医院行政区划、确诊医院等级划分、确诊医院年均胆囊癌诊断例数、术前血清肿瘤标记物CEA、CA19-9、CA125水平、是否接受手术治疗、接受手术是否达根治标准、TNM分期对胆囊癌病人的总生存期有显著影响。结论    胆囊癌的诊治流程规范化程度与诊疗水平随时间推移均有一定程度提高,胆囊癌的综合治疗方式和总体生存情况仍有较大进步空间,需要投入更多的关注和努力到胆囊癌的综合治疗中。

关键词: 胆囊恶性肿瘤, 术前诊断, 外科治疗, 综合治疗, 流行病学, 预后

Abstract: To review, summarize, and discuss the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of gallbladder cancer in China between 2010 and 2017. Methods    Electronic health records of 7874 patients diagnosed with gallbladder cancer from 49 hospitals were collected and structured from January 2010 to December 2017. Observational indicators included the year of diagnosis, age at first diagnosis, the administrative district of the diagnosing hospital, the rank of the diagnosing hospital, the annual number of gallbladder cancer diagnosed at the diagnosing hospital, sex, ultrasound results, CT results, MRI results, CEA levels, CA19-9 levels, CA125 levels, diagnostic criteria, the timing of diagnosis, whether surgical treatment was received, whether the surgery met the radical treatment standard, TNM staging, and whether adjuvant treatment was received. Quantitative data were tested for normal distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, described by mean ± standard deviation if normally distributed, and compared using the t-test; non-normally distributed data were described by median (first and third quartiles) and compared using the U-test. Categorical data were described by frequency (percentage of total) and compared using the Chi-squared test. Univariate analysis was performed using logistic regression, and multivariate analysis was conducted using stepwise logistic regression. Overall survival rates were calculated using the life table, survival data were described by median survival time (95% confidence interval), comparisons of overall survival rates between groups at certain time points were conducted using the z-test, and survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, with survival analysis performed using the Log-rank test. Results    The number of gallbladder cancer cases has continuously increased over time, with more females than males, and the median diagnosis age is 64 years old. The proportion of patients undergoing enhanced CT, enhanced MRI, tumor marker CEA, CA19-9, and CA125 exams has steadily increased, as has the detection rate of enhanced CT, enhanced MRI, and MRCP. Factors such as age at first diagnosis, sex, the administrative district of the diagnosing hospital, the rank of the diagnosing hospital, the annual number of gallbladder cancer diagnosed at the diagnosing hospital, ultrasound, plain and enhanced CT scans, enhanced MRI scans, MRCP scans, and tumor markers CEA, CA19-9, and CA125 have played a significant role in the early diagnosis of gallbladder cancer. Independent influencing factors for early gallbladder cancer diagnosis include the administrative district of the diagnosing hospital, the rank of the diagnosing hospital, the annual number of gallbladder cancer diagnosed at the diagnosing hospital, sex, enhanced CT scans, and CA125 levels. The median survival time of patients in the study was 334 days, with overall survival rates at six months of 66.0%, one year of 48.0%, two years of 31.3%, three years of 22.2%, and five years of 11.2%, and the survival rates rapidly decreased as tumor TNM stages increased. For patients with resectable gallbladder cancer who underwent radical surgical treatment, the median survival time was 699 days, with overall survival rates at six months of 88.0%, one year of 71.6%, two years of 48.6%, three years of 33.8%, and five years of 17.6%. It’s also found that the year of diagnosis, age at first diagnosis, the administrative district of the diagnosing hospital, the rank of the diagnosing hospital, the annual number of gallbladder cancer diagnosed at the diagnosing hospital, preoperative serum tumor markers CEA, CA19-9, CA125 levels, whether surgical treatment was received, whether the surgery met radical treatment standards, and TNM staging had a significant impact on the overall survival time of patients with gallbladder cancer. Conclusion    The standardization of diagnosis and treatment for gallbladder cancer in China has greatly improved over time, but the epidemiological characteristics and corresponding causes still require further research. For gallbladder cancer, there is substantial room for improvement in the comprehensive treatment methods and overall survival outcomes, and more attention and effort need to be devoted to the comprehensive treatment.

Key words: gallbladder cancer, preoperative diagnosis, surgical treatment, comprehensive treatment, epidemiology, prognosis