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15 July 2013, Volume 6 Issue 7 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The technology and progress of sedative and analgesia treatment in outpatient oral disease therapy. YU Cong，ZHAO Nan 2013, 5(7): 385-388.  Abstract ( )   PDF (967KB) ( )   Abstract：How to eliminate the fear or the pain of the patients during dental therapy process has been paid more attention by dentists across the country，as the dental painless therapeutic area involvs a wide range subjects，covering the stomatology，anesthesiology，hospital management，et al. We summarized the characteristics of sedative and analgesia technology during outpatient oral therapy，reviewed the common sedative and analgesia treatment technology，introduced our successful experience and predicted the trends of this area.

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Safety essentials of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation in dental treatment. WAN Kuo，JING Quan 2013, 5(7): 388-390.  Abstract ( )   PDF (881KB) ( )   Abstract：The application of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation in dentistry is widely used and proved to be very effective and safe. However，with its increasing use in recent years in China，the importance of safety should be emphasized. The article reviewed both experiential opinions and published guidelines in this field，provided comprehensive practical measurements and techniques in risk control in the whole clinical process of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation.

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Pain control and sedation in pediatric dentistry. XIA Bin 2013, 5(7): 391-394.  Abstract ( )   PDF (937KB) ( )

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The technique of site preservation after extracting the tooth. ZHAO Bao-hong，WANG Dan-ning 2013, 5(7): 395-399.  Abstract ( )   PDF (947KB) ( )   Abstract： The technique of site preservation after extracting the tooth is a method which prevents and reduces disuse atrophy absorption of the alveolar ridge and retraction of the gingival nipple，so that height，width and density of the alveolar bone can meet the needs of post-implanting，and it can restore normal gingival papilla height to meet the aesthetic requirements. In this paper，we make an introduction about tooth socket physiological change，alveolar bone and soft tissues preservation methods after extracting the tooth and the existing bone graft material.

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Dental microscope and root canal therapy. ZHAN Fu-liang 2013, 5(7): 400-403.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1519KB) ( )   Abstract：In the past twenty years，there are many encouraging advances in dentistry， so are there in endodontics. As a basic operation in endodontic field，modern root canal therapy must be managed under magnification and illumination. The use of dental microscope makes root canal therapy enter refining era. This article focused on the relationship between endodontic operation and dental microscope.

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Expression changes of transforming growth factor-β1 in rat dental pulp after direct pulp capping with mineral trioxide aggregate. ZHANG Xiao-fang*，YAO Ya-peng，KANG Hong-ying，DONG Pei 2013, 5(7): 404-407.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1525KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To observe the dynamic expression of transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1）in rat dental pulp after direct pulp capping with mineral trioxide aggregate（MTA）and to evaluate the role of TGF-β1 on pulp injury and repair. Methods This study was conducted from October 2012 to March 2013 in the Central Laboratory of School of Stomatology，China Medical University. Twenty-eight female Wistar rats were included in this study. The first molars on one side of the maxilla and mandible were mechanically exposed and the exposed dental pulps were directly capped with MTA. The contralateral molars received no treatment and served as controls. The rats were sacrificed 1d，3d，5d，7d，14d，21d and 28d after direct pulp capping. TGF-β1 expression in pulp tissue was detected with immunohistochemical staining. Results No TGF-β1 expression was detected in the control group. After direct pulp capping with MTA，TGF-β1 expression gradually increased and reached peak expression on 5d post-direct capping （P < 0.05）. TGF-β1 expression gradually decreased afterwards and reached normal stain on 21d post-direct pulp capping. TGF-β1 was mainly expressed in neutrophils，odontoblasts cells，vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Conclusion After direct pulp capping with MTA，TGF-β1 expression increased at first and then decreased. Our results suggest that TGF-β1 expression is related to the process of dental pulp repair.

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An assessment of different angulated abutments for implant teeth in the anterior region over 5 years. ZHAO Bao-hong*，FENG Wei，XUE Min，WANG Dan-ning，ZHANG Bo，DENG Chun-fu，SHANG De-hao，ZHANG Chong 2013, 5(7): 408-412.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1121KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To evaluate clinical influence of the different angulated abutments on the implant teeth in the anterior region. Methods From June 2007 to June 2012，138 patients with 231 ITI implants in the anterior region were followed up for 6 - 66 months. Implant restorations were divided into three groups according to their abutments: 0°，15°，20°. Cumulative survival rate was calculated by life-table analysis. The software of SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results There was 8.2% biomechanical complications in 231 implants. No significant difference in annual crestal bone loss and biomechanical complications was found among three groups（P > 0.05）. Moreover，implant cumulative survival rate with 15°and 20°abutments was 97.8%，and with 0°abutment it was 98.9%. Conclusion Angulated abutments do not significantly influence peri-implant crestal bone loss and biomechanical complications；implant restorations with 15°and 20°angulated abutments may be successfully used in the anterior areas.

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Three-dimension finite element analysis of stress of residual dentin of various post-and-core applications. LI Bing，LIU Fei，WANG Jian，WU Xiu-ping 2013, 5(7): 413-416.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1836KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the relationship between the different teeth post and core materials and stress distribution of residual dentin and provide the basis for the design of clinical repair. Methods The fault images of spiral CT were used to construct the finite element analysis model of 1/2 defect in lingual side of maxillary first molar and all-ceramic crown，and load way was designed：600 N load was vertically concentrated，and ANSYS software was used to analyze the stress values of of residual dentin on five different teeth post and core materials. Results The Von mises stress of dentin was concentrated on the contact part of the gnathic side of prepared body of abutment in buccal side，the maximum tensile stress was concentrated on tooth neck in buccal side of the prepared body of abutment in buccal side. The stresses of dentin increased when the elastic modulus of the post core materials decreased. Conclusion Different elastic modulus of the post-core materials have a great impact on the stress distribution of dentin. For the clinical residual root on the restoration，we should use post-core with high elastic modules in order to protect the residual teeth.

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Influence of nuclear factor-κB/inhibitory κB pathway on intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression induced by P. gingivalis in endothelial cells. ZHANG Dong-mei，CHANG Chun-rong，PAN Ya-ping 2013, 5(7): 417-420.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1504KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To investigate whether intracellular adhesion molecule-1（ICAM-1）could be mediated by nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB）pathway in endothelial cells treated by P. gingivalis W83. Methods As we know production of ICAM-1 in endothelial cells could be increased by infection with P.gingivalis. Then the in vitro models of vascular endothelial cell infected with P. gingivalis W83 was established. Expression of ICAM-1 was examined by Real-time PCR and Western blotting in endothelial cells pretreated with P. gingivalis W83 for 8 h with or without the NF-κB antagonist MG132 at concentration of 5，10，20 μmol/L respectively for 15，30，60 min. SAS 8.12 software was used for statistical analysis；analysis of variance was done to compare the means. Results ICAM-1 production in endothelial cells increased by infection with P.gingivalis，MG132 could abrogate the production of ICAM-1 mRNA at concentration of 10 μmol/L for 30 min，and the production of ICAM-1 was abrogated by MG132 at concentration of 20 μmol/L for 15 min；in addition，the abrogation was more obvious at 30 and 60 min. Conclusion The induction of ICAM-1 by infection with P. gingivalis might be mediated by the NF-κB pathway in endothelial cells.

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Epidemiology survey on dentin hypersensitivity in endemic fluorosis rural area. ZHANG Ying，CHENG Rui-bo，CHENG Guang-yan，ZHANG Xue-li，LIU Lu 2013, 5(7): 421-424.  Abstract ( )   PDF (897KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of dentin hypersensitivity in endemic fluorosis rural area of Liaoning Province. Methods Random sampling methods were performed，and 800 adults living in the same endemic fluorosis county in Liaoning province aged 20 - < 70 were selected. A structured questionnaire and a clinical examination on dentin hypersensitivity were used in the survey. The relative risk factors of dentin hypersensitivity were analyzed. Fluoride ion selection electrode was used to determinate fluoride content in drinking water. Results The fluoride concentration in drinking water in the county was between 1.15 mg/L and 1.50 mg/L；the prevalence of dental fluorosis was 95.0%. Totally 800 20 - < 70 years old subjects completed a structured interview and underwent a clinical examination on dentin hypersensitivity. Among them，79 were found to have dentin hypersensitivity，the prevalence being 9.9%. There was no difference between male and female. The commonest teeth affected were the lower front teeth，followed by the first molar. The exposed root surface was the most commonly affected position. The time of using a tooth brush was the risk factor for dentin hypersensitivity （OR = 2.210）. Nobody in sensitive group had taken measurements or gone to see the dentist. Conclusion The prevalence of dentin hypersensitivity may be decreased and the time of using a tooth brush is the risk factor when the drinking water fluoride concentration is between 1.15 mg/L and 1.50 mg/L.

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Microleakage study of zirconium oxide inlays using four kinds of etching bonding agents. CHEN Jue-qing，DUAN Chang-hua，ZOU Kang-yuan，DENG Xiang-dong 2013, 5(7): 425-427.  Abstract ( )   PDF (884KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To evaluate the microleakage and penetration ability of zirconium oxide inlays using different self-etching bonding agents in vitro. Methods Forty caries-free extracted human third molars were randomly divided into four groups with ten teeth each. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of forty human extracted third molars using diamond burs. The zirconium oxide inlays were placed with Adper Singlebond 2，ClearFil SE Bond，Multilink Sprint and Adper Easy One. The microleakage scores were examined on the occlusal and gingival margins at 30× magnification after each sample was stained. Results Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in both occlusal and gingival margins. Microleakage scores of Multilink Sprint were significantly higher than other groups on both margins. Group of ClearFil SE Bond and Adper Easy One showed no statistical differences with etch-and-rinse resin cement. Conclusion ClearFil SE Bond and Adper Easy One show comparable microleakage results with etch-and-rinse resin cement.

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The adverse reconstruction of teeth and periodontal tissue caused by anterior teeth retraction. QIAN Li-wen，QIAN Yu-fen 2013, 5(7): 435-438.  Abstract ( )   PDF (924KB) ( )   Abstract：In cases of bimaxillary protrusion and Angle Class Ⅱ malocclusion（maxilla hyperplasia），extraction of premolars and orthodontic treatment with retraction of the anterior teeth is a widely used approach. Minimizing the damage to teeth and their supporting tissue when moving teeth efficiently is needed. However many findings have shown that alveolar bone loss，root resorption and gingival recession occur after retracting the anterior teeth. Sometimes it even affects the overall effect of orthodontic treatment. This paper made a review of the adverse reconstruction of teeth and periodontal tissue caused by anterior teeth retraction and its possible risk factors.

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Application progress of orthodontic treatment with titanium miniplate anchorage system. *NING Zhao-liang，LIU Lin 2013, 5(7): 439-442.  Abstract ( )   PDF (898KB) ( )   Abstract：As a product of multidisciplinary combination，the usage of implant anchorage undoubtedly had a great impact on clinical diagnosis and concept of modern orthodontic treatment. From the perspectives of both international and domestic interests in the clinical application of orthodontic anchorage，mini-screws anchorage implant would become a significant trend in this field. However，titanium miniplate anchorage could more efficiently offer a new choice for the treatment of complex maxillofacial malformation，because it had plenty of advantages that other methods did not，such as low losing ratio，retentive pin far away from tooth roots，easy applying force operation for orthodontists，tooth roots barely involved during implantation or obvious tooth movement，and being less dependent on patients' compliance. Inevitably，there were also several drawbacks restricting its clinical application，including the possibility of severe surgical injury，significant swelling after implantation，patients' great fear caused by side-effects and higher surgery cost. But one thing is certain，with further efforts to improve compatibility，stability and comfortability of titanium miniplate，a minimally invasive titanium miniplate anchorage system can eventually be obtained，having a far-reaching influence on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment.

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Characteristics of Ti and titanium alloy materials and their application in orthodontics. SHI Jian-wei， WANG Jun-qiu，CHANG Xin 2013, 5(7): 443-446.  Abstract ( )   PDF (922KB) ( )   Abstract：The review gives examples with Nitinol wire，β titanium wire，Nitinol sprin，titanium screw and titanium plate to expound the characteristics of Ti and titanium alloy materials. It introduces the current situation and application history of Ti and titanium alloy materials. Meanwhile it states the applications and problems of Ti and titanium alloy materials in orthodontic treatment.