Abstract: Maxillary molars are prone to periodontitis and adjacent to maxillary sinus. Maxillary sinus lifting procedure is often required to compensate for the lack of vertical bone in implant therapy. The technology of alveolar ridge preservation is the focus of current research. Simutaneous alveolar ridge preservation during maxillary molar extraction can reduce crestal bone resorption and sinus pneumatization，thus reducing the complexity of implant surgery. In this article，the anatomical characteristics of maxillary molar region，morphological changes in extraction sockets after natural healing and the effect of alveolar ridge preservation were reviewed，so as to provide reference for clinical decision-making.

Key words: maxillary molar, tooth extraction, alveolar ridge preservation, implant

摘要： 上颌磨牙是牙周炎好发牙位，且毗邻上颌窦，在种植治疗时常需进行上颌窦提升术来弥补垂直骨量不足。牙槽嵴保存术是目前研究的热点，上颌磨牙拔除同期行牙槽嵴保存术可减少牙槽骨的吸收及上颌窦气化程度，从而降低种植手术复杂性。文章就上颌磨牙区解剖特点、拔牙窝自然愈合后形态学改变和牙槽嵴保存术效果等做一阐述，以期为临床决策提供参考。

关键词: 上颌磨牙, 拔牙, 牙槽嵴保存术, 种植