关键词: 放射性口腔黏膜炎, 小分子靶向药物, 氧化应激, 炎症反应, 临床试验

Abstract: Radiation-induced oral mucositis（RIOM）is a common and severe complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. Its pathogenesis involves multiple processes，including oxidative stress，inflammatory response，immune activation，and impaired epithelial repair. Currently，clinical interventions for RIOM have limited efficacy，and there is a lack of specific therapeutic drugs targeting the underlying pathological mechanisms. In recent years，the intervention strategies for RIOM with small-molecule targeted drugs as the core have gradually become a research focus. This article systematically reviews small-molecule targeted drugs acting across various pathological stages of RIOM，including superoxide dismutase mimetics and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2（Nrf2）modulators that target oxidative stress，innate defense regulators that modulate innate immunity，nuclear factor κB（NF-κB）inhibitors that suppress key inflammatory pathway，and uridine phosphorylase inhibitors that promote mucosal epithelial repair，elaborating on their mechanisms of action，summarizing the preclinical and clinical research progress，and analyzing key challenges in current drug development. Furthermore，it looks forward to the future directions of development in multi-target combination therapies，aiming to provide theoretical evidence and strategic support for the precise prevention and management of RIOM.

Key words: radiation-induced oral mucositis, small-molecule targeted drugs, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, clinical trials