中国实用口腔科杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (1): 1-9.DOI: 10.19538/j.kq.2026.01.001

• 专题笔谈 •    下一篇

光生物调节疗法靶向调控放射性口腔黏膜炎的微环境机制

张    帆1,罗晶晶1,周红梅1,2   

  1. 1. 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 口腔疾病国家临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院,四川大学华西医院健康管理中心,四川 成都 610041;2. 天府锦城实验室(前沿医学中心),四川 成都 610093
  • 出版日期:2026-01-30 发布日期:2026-01-30
  • 通讯作者: 罗晶晶,周红梅
  • 作者简介:周红梅,教授、主任医师、博士研究生导师,口腔黏膜病国家临床重点专科学科带头人。现任四川大学华西口腔医院口腔黏膜病科主任。兼任中华口腔医学会中西医结合专业委员会主任委员,国家口腔医学中心口腔黏膜病专科联盟主任,四川省口腔医学会口腔黏膜病(中西医结合)专业委员会主任委员。入选教育部新世纪优秀人才、四川省“卫生健康英才计划”首席专家。主持国家级科研项目8项。以通信作者发表SCI论文70余篇。牵头获四川省科学技术进步奖一等奖。
  • 基金资助:
    四大慢病重大专项(2023ZD0503000);国家自然科学基金(82573832);四川省科技厅项目(2025ZNSFSC0548);天府锦城实验室(前沿医学中心)成果转化项目(2025ZH015)

  • Online:2026-01-30 Published:2026-01-30

摘要: 放射性口腔黏膜炎(radiation-induced oral mucositis,RIOM)是头颈部肿瘤放疗最常见的并发症,约80% ~ 100%患者在接受放疗后会发生RIOM,常表现为黏膜充血、糜烂和溃疡,伴发明显疼痛、吞咽困难,甚至继发感染,严重影响患者的生活质量,并显著增加治疗中断风险与医疗负担。当前,药物治疗RIOM的总体效果有限,且存在长期使用耐药和副反应等临床瓶颈。光生物调节疗法(photobiomodulation,PBM)作为一种非侵入性物理疗法,已在多项指南/专家共识中被推荐用于防治RIOM。PBM通过低能量的可见光或近红外光照射口腔黏膜,能够调节细胞的代谢活动、减轻炎症反应、促进细胞修复,但其重塑RIOM病理微环境的作用及机制尚未阐明。文章系统阐述PBM通过调控氧化应激、炎性介质、细胞存活与修复信号等核心环节重塑RIOM失衡微环境的多维度作用机制,以期为临床RIOM患者制定个体化PBM治疗方案提供理论依据。

关键词: 放射性口腔黏膜炎, 光生物调节疗法, 微环境调控, 组织修复

Abstract: Radiation-induced oral mucositis(RIOM)is one of the most common complications in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancers,with an incidence reported as high as 80% - 100%. RIOM is characterized by mucosal congestion,erosion,and ulceration,often accompanied by severe pain,dysphagia,or secondary infection. These symptoms markedly impair patients′ quality of life and significantly increase the risk of treatment interruption and healthcare burden. Currently,pharmacological management provides limited benefit and is frequently constrained by drug resistance and medication-related adverse effects. Photobiomodulation(PBM),a non-invasive physical therapy,has been recommended by multiple guidelines and expert consensuses for the prevention and management of RIOM. PBM delivers low-energy visible or near-infrared light to the oral mucosa to modulate cellular metabolism,attenuate inflammatory responses,and promote cell repair. However,the mechanisms by which PBM reshapes the pathological microenvironment of RIOM remain to be fully elucidated. This review systematically describes the multidimensional regulatory mechanisms of PBM in reshaping the unbalanced microenvironment of RIOM by modulating oxidative stress,inflammatory mediator and cell survival and repairing signals. The aim is to provide theoretical support for the development of individualized PBM treatment strategies for RIOM.

Key words: radiation-induced oral mucositis, photobiomodulation, microenvironment regulation, tissue repair

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