Abstract: Trauma and infection are important factors of endometrial injury.Severe endometrial injury as deep as the basal layer of endometrium can cause endometrial repair disorder，which is manifested as intrauterine adhesions（IUA）with partial or total occlusion.IUA often leads to hypomenorrhea，amenorrhea and infertility.The frequent and high recurrence of IUA after separation has become a clinical bottleneck.Thus，the prevention and treatment of its etiological mechanism urgently need to be solved.In this paper，the etiology and pathogenesis of endometrial injury，especially IUA，are reviewed.

Key words: endometrial injury, intrauterine adhesions, etiology, pathogenesis, research progress

摘要： 创伤和感染是子宫内膜损伤的重要病因，子宫内膜损伤严重、深达子宫内膜基底层可引起子宫内膜修复障碍，表现为宫腔部分或全部闭塞的宫腔粘连（intrauterine adhesions，IUA），导致月经量减少、闭经、复发性流产和不孕等。IUA分离术后易复发、高复发已成为临床瓶颈，因此针对其病因机制的防治问题亟待解决。文章阐述了子宫内膜损伤尤其是IUA的病因及发病机制的研究进展。

关键词: 子宫内膜损伤, 宫腔粘连, 病因, 发病机制, 研究进展