Abstract: Anemia is a common medical comorbidity during pregnancy and seriously threatens the health of mothers and children.Anemia is an important part of prevention and health care during perinatal period because can cause short-term and long-term effects on mother，fetus and newborn.There are a variety of common causes of anemia during pregnancy，among which iron deficiency anemia is the most common，accounting for the vast majority of anemia during pregnancy.In the south of the Changjiang River，thalassemia is also a common cause，while megaloblastic anemia and hemolytic anemia account for a small proportion.The main prevention and treatment method is iron supplementation for iron deficiency anemia.Pregnancy screening is particularly critical because genetic defects of thalassemia seriously affect the health of mothers and children.Therefore，it is of great significance to maternal and child health to improve obstetricians' recognition of the etiology of pregnancy anemia.

Key words: pregnancy, anemia, etiology, diagnosis

摘要： 贫血是妊娠期较常见的合并症，严重威胁母儿健康。贫血对母体、胎儿及新生儿均可造成近远期的影响，是孕产期预防保健的重要内容。妊娠期贫血常见的病因有多种，其中以缺铁性贫血最为常见，占妊娠期贫血的绝大多数；而在中国长江以南地区，地中海贫血也是较为常见的原因；巨幼细胞性贫血及溶血性贫血所占比例较小。缺铁性贫血最主要的防治方法为补充铁剂；而地中海贫血由于基因缺陷严重影响母儿健康，孕期筛查尤为关键。因此，提高产科医生识别妊娠期贫血病因的能力对母儿健康具有重要意义。

关键词: 妊娠期, 贫血, 病因, 诊断