Abstract: Intestinal tuberculosis is a major form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis， affecting various segments of the gastrointestinal tract. The clinical manifestations of intestinal tuberculosis lack specificity， particularly similar to those of othergastrointestinal diseases （such as Crohn’s disease， tumors），thereby presenting significant diagnostic challenges. The diagnosis and treatment of pediatric intestinal tuberculosis pose greater challenges compared to adult cases， resulting in delayed diagnosis and increased healthcare expenditures. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of antituberculous therapy are critical for reducing case-fatality rates. Despite advances in diagnostic modalities， including a series of emerging molecular and immunodiagnostic techniques such as nucleic acid amplification tests， no single laboratory method can reliably establish a rapid and accurate diagnosis. A comprehensive diagnostic approach integrating epidemiological data， clinical presentation，radiological findings， histopathological examination， and multiple nucleic acid amplification tests is required for definitive diagnosis. The treatment of pediatric intestinal tuberculosis remains primarily pharmacological， with endoscopic intervention and surgical treatment performed when necessary.

Key words: pediatric, intestinal tuberculosis, diagnosis, GenExpert, IGRA, durg treatment

摘要： 肠结核是一种主要的肺外结核，可累及各个肠段。肠结核临床表现无特异性，尤其与其他胃肠道疾病（如克罗恩病、肿瘤等）临床表现相近，难以鉴别，因此儿童肠结核的诊治难度较成人更大，从而导致延误诊断和增加治疗费用。而早期诊断、及时抗结核治疗对于降低患儿病死率至关重要。尽管核酸扩增试验等新兴分子和免疫诊断技术不断进步，依靠单一实验室检测方法仍难以实现快速、准确的诊断。最终确诊需结合流行病学特征、临床表现、影像学结果、组织病理学结果以及多种核酸扩增试验等综合评估。儿童肠结核以药物治疗为主，必要时应行内镜治疗和手术治疗。

关键词: 儿童, 肠结核, 诊断, GenExpert, 干扰素 -γ 释放试验, 药物治疗