Abstract: Magnesium is the second most abundant cation in human cells， involved in more than 600 enzymatic reactions in the body. It is mainly regulated by the gut， bone and kidney.Many acquired and genetic diseases can lead to hypomagnesemia. According to different literatures， the diagnostic criteria for hypomagnesemia are serum magnesium concentration below 0.75 mmol/L or 0.66 mmol/L.Hypomagnesemia can cause damage to brain， cardiovascular system， digestive system， kidney， endocrine， bone and other systems， and even lead to death. Early diagnosis， magnesium supplementation and etiological treatment are the keys to improving the prognosis of hypomagnesemia.

Key words: magnesium, ion, hypomagnesemia, metabolism, genetic

摘要： 镁是人体细胞内第2位含量多的阳离子，参与600余种酶促反应，在体内主要受肠道、骨骼和肾脏调节，多种获得性和遗传性疾病可导致低镁血症。根据不同文献，低镁血症的诊断标准为血清镁浓度低于0.75 mmol/L或0.66 mmol/L。低镁血症可引起脑、心血管、消化系统、肾、内分泌、骨骼等多系统损害，甚至导致死亡。早期诊断、补镁和病因治疗是改善低镁血症预后的关键。

关键词: 镁, 离子, 低镁血症, 代谢, 遗传