Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder，but the hospital-visit rate is low. Early detection，early evaluation and diagnosis are the prerequisite for early treatment. The assessment of children's ADHD involves all data collection before diagnosis，including diagnostic clues，medical history collection，clinical examination，and laboratory and auxiliary examination. DSM-5 diagnostic standard has been widely used in the diagnosis of ADHD，and ICD-11 will be the official diagnostic standard in China after its promulgation. The contents of both are basically the same. It's best is to avoid underdiagnosis and over-diagnosis as much as possible in the diagnosis，and pay attention to the diagnosis of comorbidity. Accurate diagnosis can lead to accurate treatment.

Key words: child, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, comorbidity, assessment, diagnosis

摘要： 注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是最常见的神经发育障碍，但目前就诊率较低。早发现、早评估和诊断是早期治疗的前提。儿童ADHD评估内容为诊断前的所有资料收集，主要包括：诊断线索、病史收集、临床检查、实验室和辅助检查。ADHD诊断既往普遍采用《精神障碍诊断与统计手册第5版》（DSM-5）诊断标准，《国际疾病分类第11版》（ICD-11）颁布后将作为中国官方诊断标准。ADHD诊断应尽可能避免诊断不足和诊断过度的情况，要重视共患病的诊断，从而提供更精准的治疗。

关键词: 儿童, 注意缺陷多动障碍, 共患病, 评估, 诊断