Abstract: Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic， recurrent and inflammatory skin disease in children， which seriously affects the quality of life of children and families. Its pathogenesis is not completely clear， including environmental factors， genetic susceptibility factors， skin barrier dysfunction and the interaction between the immune system. Recent studies have confirmed that the imbalance of skin microbiota is one of the key factors for the occurrence and development of atopic dermatitis. The decline of bacterial diversity and the sharp increase of the relative abundance of Staphylococcaceae are the main characteristics of the imbalance of its microbiota. Restoring the homeostasis of microbiota helps to manage and prevent and treat atopic dermatitis.

Key words: atopic dermatitis, child, skin microbiota

摘要： 特应性皮炎是儿童最常见的一种慢性、复发性、炎症性皮肤病，严重影响患儿及家庭的生活质量。其发病机制尚未完全明确，包括环境因素、遗传易感性因素、皮肤屏障功能障碍和免疫系统之间的相互作用。近年研究证实，皮肤微生物群失调是特应性皮炎发生、发展的关键因素之一；细菌多样性的下降和葡萄球菌科相对丰度的急剧增加是其微生物群失调的主要特征；恢复微生物群的稳态有助于管理和防治特应性皮炎。

关键词: 特应性皮炎, 儿童, 皮肤微生态