Abstract: Children who survived extracorporeal membrane oxygenation might have neurodevelopmental problems. If they are not identified or receive targeted intervention in time， these problems may develop into serious neuropsychological sequelae over time， affecting the quality of life. Standardized follow-up is critical. The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization released the《Guidelines for Follow-up After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Neonates and Children》in 2021， which made recommendations on the follow-up content， follow-up plan， follow-up service type selection， follow-up time and location， etc. This article interpreted this guideline in order to provide reference and guidance for the construction of a systematic follow-up plan in the domestic pediatric field.

Key words: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, neonates, child, follow-up, guideline

摘要： 体外膜氧合幸存患儿可能存在神经发育问题，若未得到及时识别和针对性干预，可能随时间的推移演变成严重的神经心理后遗症，影响生活质量，开展系统化、规范化的随访极为关键。体外生命支持组织于2021发布了《新生儿和儿童体外膜氧合后随访指南》，针对体外膜氧合随访相关内容、随访计划、随访服务类型选择、随访时间及地点等进行了建议。该文就该指南进行解读，以期为国内儿科领域构建系统化体外膜氧合治疗后随访方案提供参考与指导。

关键词: 体外膜氧合, 新生儿, 儿童, 随访, 指南