Abstract: Intestinal mucosa plays a central role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease（IBD），but the molecular and cellular composition of its diverse environment is still unclear. Single cell technology provides an opportunity to accurately map the tissue structure，describes the previously neglected rare cell types，and defines functions at the single cell level. This article reviews the application of single cell technology in the study of IBD in recent years，which is expected to bring potential revolution in our understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD，and promote a new era of drug discovery and personalized care.

Key words: inflammatory bowel disease, single cell technology

摘要： 肠黏膜在炎性肠病（inflammatory bowel disease，IBD）的发病机制中起着核心作用，但其多样化环境的分子和细胞组成尚不清楚。单细胞技术提供了一个机会来准确地绘制组织结构，描述以前被忽视的罕见细胞类型，并在单细胞水平上定义功能。文章回顾了近年来单细胞技术在IBD研究中的应用，有望对IBD发病机制的理解方面带来全新的认识，并推动药物发现和个性化护理的新时代。

关键词: 炎性肠病, 单细胞技术