Abstract: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth refers to a group of clinical syndromes in which a variety of factors cause an increase in the number of bacteria in the small intestine， resulting in non-specific symptoms such as abdominal distension， abdominal pain and diarrhea. It is also a manifestation of intestinal bacterial disorder.Studies have shown that it is associated with a variety of gastrointestinal diseases in children. Breath test， a simple and easy diagnostic method， is used to detect small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with inflammatory bowel disease， so as to avoid adverse reactions caused by improper use of drugs because of misunderstanding it as disease recurrence. At present， there is a lack of understanding of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children with inflammatory bowel disease. This article reviews the pathogenesis， diagnostic methods， clinical significance and the relationship between intestinal bacterial overgrowth and inflammatory bowel disease.

Key words: inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, breath test

摘要： 小肠细菌过度生长是指多种因素引起小肠内细菌数量增多，从而产生腹胀、腹痛、腹泻等非特异性症状的一组临床综合征，是小肠菌群紊乱的一种表现。已有研究表明，它与多种儿童胃肠道疾病相关。通过呼气试验这一简便、易行的诊断方式来检测炎症性肠病患儿的小肠细菌过度生长，从而避免因误认为疾病复发而未正确使用药物治疗导致的不良反应。目前对于儿童炎症性肠病中小肠细菌过度生长的认识不足，该文从小肠细菌过度生长的发病机制、诊断方法、临床意义及其与炎症性肠病的关系等方面进行综述。

关键词: 炎症性肠病, 溃疡性结肠炎, 克罗恩病, 小肠细菌过度生长, 呼气试验