关键词: 肝肿大, 脾肿大, 儿童, 诊断

Abstract: Hepatosplenomegaly in children is a common clinical sign in pediatrics，with etiologies involving multisystem diseases. Currently，there are problems such as non-standard medical history collection，omissions in assessment，disordered examinations，delayed initiation of multidisciplinary collaboration（MDT），narrow coverage of existing literature，and poor practicality. Based on clinical needs and practice，this article clarifies the definition and etiologies of hepatosplenomegaly，proposes that the diagnosis should follow the principle of“first evaluating acute/critical conditions，then conducting screening”，and identifies the etiologies through systematic medical history collection，physical examination，and progressive auxiliary examinations，thereby providing a practical reference for standardizing clinical diagnosis. 

Key words: hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, children, diagnosis