中国实用儿科杂志

中国实用儿科杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 286-290.DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2026040604

• 专题笔谈 • 上一篇    下一篇

儿童腹腔积液的诊疗思路

  

  1. 首都医科大学附属首都儿童医学中心消化内科，北京  100020
  • 出版日期:2026-04-06 发布日期:2026-05-12
  • 通讯作者: 钟雪梅，电子信箱：zhongxuemei@shouer.com.cn

Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to ascites in children

  1. Department of Gastroenterology，Capital Institute of Pediatrics，Capital Medical University，Beijing  100020，China
  • Online:2026-04-06 Published:2026-05-12

摘要： 腹腔积液是指腹腔内游离液体的病理性积聚，是儿科临床实践中一个重要的病理体征，而非独立疾病。与成人相比，儿童腹腔积液的病因谱更为特殊，常涉及先天性、遗传代谢性及感染性疾病，其起病可能隐匿，也可能急剧，诊断与治疗更具挑战性。文章旨在梳理儿童腹腔积液的诊疗流程，重点围绕病因分类、体格检查、实验室与影像学检查，并探讨综合管理策略，以提高儿科医生对腹腔积液相关疾病的诊治水平。

关键词:

text-align:left, text-indent:-0.1pt, "> 儿童, 腹腔积液, 病因, 肝硬化, 门静脉高压

Abstract: Ascites refers to the pathological accumulation of free fluid in the peritoneal cavity. It is an important clinical sign in pediatric practice rather than an independent disease. Compared with adults，the etiological spectrum of ascites in children is more specific，often involving congenital，genetic-metabolic，and infectious diseases. Its onset can be insidious or acute，posing greater diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This article aims to outline the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to ascites in children，focusing on etiological classification，physical examination，and laboratory and imaging examinations，and discusses corresponding comprehensive management strategies，in order to enhance pediatricians’ability to diagnose and treat ascites-related conditions.

Key words: child, ascites, etiology, liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension