关键词: 多动注意缺陷障碍, 病因, 癫痫, 睡眠障碍, 脑炎

Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. Although there are many causes of ADHD，much attention should be paid to ADHD secondary to neurological diseases in children，especially for the treatments. From the perspective of abnormal brain structure pediatric neurological diseases and ADHD，the relationship between epilepsy，headache，sleep disorder，encephalitis and ADHD have been discussed in this paper. Although early diagnosis，treatment and intervention are important，etiological diagnosis and differential diagnosis cannot be ignored，and it is very important o treat the synupt-oms and causes at the same time.

Key words: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, patho-gen, epilepsy, sleeping disorder, encephalitis