目的    评估自体股浅静脉再造主髂动脉系统（NAIS）手术在感染性腹主动脉瘤（IAAA）治疗中的安全性与有效性。方法    回顾性分析复旦大学附属中山医院自2022—2024年接受NAIS手术治疗的12例IAAA病人的临床资料，包括术前诊断、术中处理及术后管理。所有病人均符合IAAA诊断标准，并通过术中采集病原学证据，结合药敏结果制定个体化抗生素治疗方案。随访评估手术疗效与远期预后。结果    12例病人中，11例获得明确的病原学诊断，其中7例为耐药病原菌感染。所有病人均成功完成手术，术后1例因吻合口破裂于术后10 d死亡，其余11例存活至随访期结束。病人术后入住ICU时间平均6.2 d，总住院时间平均23 d。抗生素治疗时间为17.2（2~37）周，平均随访时间64.9（13~130）周。11例存活病人中，10例摆脱抗生素依赖，无感染复发，1例截至2024年11月仍在口服抗生素治疗。术后及随访期间未出现筋膜室综合征或深静脉血栓后遗症，5例病人主诉静脉功能不全。CT影像随访未发现移植物瘤样变。结论    NAIS手术为IAAA提供了一种有效的原位血运重建策略，尤其适用于高感染负荷、耐药菌感染或抗生素治疗效果差的病人。尽管手术创伤较大，但抗生素依赖性显著降低，远期预后较好。在综合评估病人体质状况及感染复杂度后，NAIS手术可作为严重IAAA的首选治疗方案之一。

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of neo-aortoiliac system (NAIS) reconstruction using an autologous superficial femoral vein in the treatment of infectious abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA). Methods    A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 12 patients with IAAA who underwent NAIS surgery at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, from 2022 to 2024. The analysis included preoperative diagnosis, intraoperative management, and postoperative care. All patients met the diagnostic criteria for IAAA, and intraoperative pathogen identification combined with susceptibility testing was performed to guide individualized antibiotic regimens. Follow-up assessments evaluated surgical outcomes and long-term prognosis. Results    Among the 12 patients, 11 had confirmed pathogen diagnoses, including 7 with multidrug-resistant organisms. All patients successfully underwent surgery. One patient died on postoperative day 10 due to anastomotic rupture, while the remaining 11 survived until the end of the follow-up period. The average ICU stay was 6.2 days, and the mean total hospital stay was 23 days. The duration of antibiotic therapy ranged from 2 to 37 weeks, with an average of 17.2 weeks. The mean follow-up duration was 64.9 weeks (13-130 weeks). Among the 11 surviving patients, 10 were free from antibiotic dependency without infection recurrence, while one still required long-term oral antibiotic therapy as of November 2024. No cases of compartment syndrome or post-thrombotic syndrome were reported, although 5 patients complained of venous insufficiency symptoms. CT imaging follow-up revealed no graft-related aneurysmal changes. Conclusion    NAIS surgery offers an effective strategy for in situ revascularization in IAAA, particularly for patients with high infection burdens, multidrug-resistant organisms, or poor responses to antibiotic therapy. Despite the extensive surgical trauma, antibiotic dependency was significantly reduced, and long-term outcomes were favorable. NAIS surgery can be considered one of the preferred treatment options for severe IAAA after a comprehensive evaluation of patient fitness and infection complexity.