Abstract:

Effective anchorage control is one of the key factors of successful orthodontic treatment. As the orthodontic anchorage devices，micro-implants have the advantages，such as achieving“absolute”anchorage control，simplifying implant operation process，being easy to remove，low cost and low compliance requirements. Therefore，micro-implants are favored by the vast number of orthodontic doctors. However，potential risks associated with the use of micro-implants include fracture， being loose，falling off，adjacent tissue infection，subcutaneous emphysema and root injury. How to reduce the potential risks and improve the success rate of micro-implants have become the research focus of the scholars. For the further study of micro-implants and in order to provide the theoretical reference to clinical application，this review will make a summary mainly in following aspects：the materials of micro-implants，the methods of surface modification and the morphological characteristics of the micro-implants.

Key words: micro-implants, anchorage, orthodontic

摘要：

有效的支抗控制是正畸矫治成功的关键因素之一，微种植体作为正畸支抗装置的一种，因具有可实现“绝对支抗”控制、植入操作过程简单、易于取出、成本低、依从性小等优点，而得到了广大正畸医生的青睐。然而在临床运用过程中，仍然会出现微种植体折断、松动、脱落，微种植体周围组织感染、皮下气肿及牙根损伤等情况。如何减少这些情况的发生，提高微种植体临床应用的成功率，成为学者们研究的重点。本文就近年来国内外学者对微种植体材料、表面改性方法、形态特征等方面的研究进展做一综述，以期为微种植体的进一步研究和临床应用提供理论依据。

关键词: 微种植体, 支抗, 正畸