Abstract: In recent years，there have been more reports on brain complications in children with ECMO. In addition to common complications，such as hemorrhage，infarction，seizures and cerebral hypoperfusion，there are some other less clear but related injuries and clinical manifestations which affect the prognosis of children with ECMO in the short term，and even determine the success of ECMO treatment. Therefore，brain monitoring is particularly important and necessary in the management of ECMO patients.Whats more，people have gradually realized that neurological complications may not only occur in the early stages，but children with ECMO are also prone to long-term neurocognitive adverse events，such as learning and working disorders. At present，there is no unified clinical management strategy and plan for the monitoring of brain function in children with ECMO. In particular，the neurocognitive function and neuropsychological follow-up of children after discharge from the hospital need more systematic and scientific management process.

Key words: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, brain monitoring, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, child

摘要： 近年来，体外膜肺氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenation，ECMO）患儿脑部并发症相关报道增多，除出血、梗死、癫痫发作和脑灌注不足等常见并发症，还有其他尚不明确但相关的损伤和临床表现，并在短期内影响ECMO患儿的预后乃至决定ECMO治疗是否成功，因此脑功能监测显得尤为重要，已成为ECMO患者管理的要素之一。此外，人们逐渐认识到，神经系统并发症可能不只发生在早期阶段，ECMO患儿也易并发长期神经认知功能不良事件，如学习、工作障碍。但目前在ECMO患儿脑功能监测方面还未形成统一的临床管理策略和方案，尤其患儿出院后的神经认知功能和神经心理随访，需要更系统更科学的管理流程。

关键词: 体外膜肺氧合, 脑功能监测, 脑梗死, 颅内出血, 儿童