Abstract: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation （ECMO），a life-saving therapy for respiratory and cardiac failure when maximal conventional therapy has failed，plays an essential role in neonatal critical illness. The application of ECMO faces great challenge in premature infants，low-birth-weight infants and neonates with respiratory failure，The research mainly focuses on technological innovations such as non-thrombogenic circuits，extracorporeal artificial placenta，implantable artificial lungs，extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal，and awake ECMO and optimation of follow-up as well as interventions，which has broadened the scope of its application. In this paper，the latest progress and the prospect in the application and management of ECMO support for neonatal respiratory failure and follow-up of prognosis are reviewed.

Key words: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, neonate, respiratory failure

摘要： 体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）是救治对常规治疗无效心肺功能衰竭的高级生命支持技术，是新生儿重症领域不可或缺的重要组成部分。在呼吸衰竭的早产儿、低出生体重儿及新生儿，应用ECMO仍具有较大挑战。目前研究进展主要集中在非血栓形成管路、体外人工胎盘、植入式人工肺、体外二氧化碳清除、清醒ECMO等技术创新和随访干预措施的优化，扩大了ECMO的应用。该文主要综述了新生儿呼吸衰竭ECMO支持的应用管理、预后随访等研究进展。

关键词: 体外膜肺氧合, 新生儿, 呼吸衰竭