Abstract: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation （ECMO） has been widely used in the transition of further clinical decision making，and has brought about an improved prognosis.Post-cardiotomy ECMO （PC-ECMO） support is increasingly becoming a cornerstone of the life-saving treatment for cardiopulmonary failure after cardiac surgery. Although ECMO-supported cases are increasing each year，the overall survival rate has not increased significantly.The paper reviews the application of ECMO in critically ill children after cardiac surgery，and introduces the timing，indications，contraindications，clinical applications and outcomes，respectively，aiming to improve the use of ECMO in critically ill children after cardiac surgery.

Key words: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, cardiac surgery, congenital heart disease, critical illness, child

摘要： 体外膜肺氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenation，ECMO）已广泛应用于进一步临床决策的过渡，并可改善临床结局。心脏术后ECMO（post-cardiotomy ECMO，PC-ECMO）支持应用越来越多，已成为心脏术后心肺功能衰竭救治的基石。虽然临床接受ECMO支持的病例逐年增多，但总体的生存率并没有显著提高。该文重点介绍ECMO在心脏术后重症患儿中的应用现状，分别介绍ECMO上机时机、适应证、禁忌证、临床应用及结局，以期提高ECMO在心脏术后重症患儿中的应用水平。

关键词: 体外膜肺氧合, 心脏外科手术, 先天性心脏病, 危重病, 儿童